My Personal Philosophy of Education Essays -- Philosophy of Teaching S

Philosophy of EducationAs a child, when asked what I wanted to be when I grew up, I always said that I wanted to do something to help other people. I realized that even though teachers do not trip up a lot of respect, or money, they surrender the greatest job anyone could ever hope for. They help children become adults. All children are inspired by someone to be what they will become in the future. Teachers inspire those of all professions police officers, firefighters, secretaries, carpenters, bankers, trash collectors, actors, truck drivers, fast food workers, scientists, inventors, doctors, lawyers, even the president. Imagine how it would feel to know that you are the reason someone essential something to benefit mankind, saved a life, or became the first female president of the United States of America. Hopefully, as a teacher I can inspire a child to fulfill all of their dreams.As a teacher I hope to help my students set and achieve goals. Another goal of mine is to g et my students to feel good about themselves. These are things they can take with them and use in the future. I will teach students about other cultures and races in an feat to produce students more accepting, compassionate, and understanding of situations encountered in life. My students will understand that just because someone is not like you, does not mean that there is something wrong with them. Everyone is several(predicate) in his or her own special way.The purpose of education is not to pre...

Lord of the flies :: essays research papers

Lord of the Flies from a Psychology Viewpoint In the book, Lord of the Flies by William Golding, there were umteen things that happened that relate well to what we have been doing in Psychology 181. There were several times when I found myself relating what we learned in class to the situation that the root word of boys in the book found themselves in. The knowledge that I have learned has helped me understand and try to figure out why some of the characters acted the way they did. I found the whole thing very interesting. In this report I will demonstrate what I have found to be some of the closely interesting points of psychology that were incorporated in Lord of the Flies. This will prove to be a difficult, but inspiring task. The first thing I noticed was we stomp people as soon as we meet them. Another, interesting psychological finding that was in the book was that the boys had to fill the basic need. This relates to Maslows hierarchy of human needs. Finally, in doing this report I get to incorporate another interesting point of psychology. That is that I am doing a report from subsidiary source in perspective of the boys on the island. That is with the assumption that the book is a true score that happened to this group of kids. Stereotyping played a big part in the book. From the first setting, well the first page, there was stereotyping going on. This played a big part in the book as it does in our everyday lives. The story line of the book is that there is a plane full of young boys flying over an ocean. When the plane goes down hitting an island and some of the boys make it, no(prenominal) of the adults do. This leaves the boy on an island to survive while they wait to be rescued. In the opening act of the book the stereotyping begins. There is a kid (Ralph) who is walking on the island when he meets up with another kid (Johnny better known as Piggy). Piggy makes an assumption about Ralph before they hardly meet. Piggy puts trust in Ralph by t elling him a nickname that he had in school and hated. Piggy did all these things before he knew Ralph based on a stereotype than he could trust Ralph.

Critical Analysis of Group Work Essay -- Organizational Dynamics, Grou

After completing the group task of preparing a presentation on, transferring individual facilitation skills into a group work setting I will critically reflect upon my own participation. I will evaluate my self-awareness composition working in the group, as well as those around me. The way that I in-personly dealt with any issues that arose within the group and how that affected the group dynamics. I will also briefly discuss the aims in which each member of the group took and how social function allocation affected, the group dynamics and the working relationships. Finally I will evaluate my work having discussed it with my fellow group members. In order to evaluate my role within the group it is important to identify what makes a group. A group must firstly consist of more than three members, Two members have personal relationships with three or more there is a win over in quality of the personal relationship. (Bion 1961, p26) The group must have a common shoot for or a goa l in order to succeed. Having instanter completed my group work task, I can look back and reflect upon the affect that my group went thought it get to the presentation end point. for the first time my group had to form (Kottler, Englar-Carlson 2010 p.93). There are many theories on how groups come together and the stages they go though. Tuckman is a commonly used theories due to the simple genius of his five stage theory. Tuckman believes that in order for a group to form they must go through his five stages forming, storming, norming and performing (Tuckman 1965 p.17). In 1977 along placement Jensen Tuckman added mourning to his process.Tuckmans theory of instruction claims, In the first stage of team development or organization, individuals come together to establish the ground ru... ...in Groups and otherwise papers. capital of the United Kingdom Tavistock Publications.BENSON, J.E. 1987. Working More Creatively with Groups. 2nd edn. London Routledge COREY, G. COREY, M.S. C ALLANAN, P. RUSSELL, J.M. 2004. Group Techniques. 3rd edn. London Thomson Learning COREY, M.S. COREY, G. COREY, C. 2010. Groups Process and Practice. 8TH edn. Canada Brooks/ Cole JAMES, N. 2010. soul and Group Work Facilitation Skills. Newport Newport University Press.KOTTLER, J.A. ENGLAR-CARLSON, M. 2010. Learning Group Leadership, An Experiential Approach. 2nd edn. London SageTUCKMAN, B. 1965. developmental Sequences in Small Groups. Psychological Bulletin 63, p 384 99. cited in DOEL, M. and SAWDON, C. (2001). The Essential Group Worker Teaching and Learning Creative Group Work. London J Kingsley.SCHNEIDER, M. 2003. Building a Team. New York Delmar Learning Critical Analysis of Group Work Essay -- Organizational Dynamics, GrouAfter completing the group task of preparing a presentation on, transferring individual facilitation skills into a group work setting I will critically reflect upon my own participation. I will evaluate my self-awareness while working in the group, as well as those around me. The way that I personally dealt with any issues that arose within the group and how that affected the group dynamics. I will also briefly discuss the roles in which each member of the group took and how role allocation affected, the group dynamics and the working relationships. Finally I will evaluate my work having discussed it with my fellow group members. In order to evaluate my role within the group it is important to identify what makes a group. A group must firstly consist of more than three members, Two members have personal relationships with three or more there is a change in quality of the personal relationship. (Bion 1961, p26) The group must have a common purpose or a goal in order to succeed. Having now completed my group work task, I can look back and reflect upon the process that my group went thought it get to the presentation end point. Firstly my group had to form (Kottler, Englar-Carlson 2010 p.93). There are many theories on h ow groups come together and the stages they go though. Tuckman is a commonly used theories due to the simple nature of his five stage theory. Tuckman believes that in order for a group to form they must go through his five stages forming, storming, norming and performing (Tuckman 1965 p.17). In 1977 along side Jensen Tuckman added mourning to his process.Tuckmans theory of development claims, In the first stage of team development or organization, individuals come together to establish the ground ru... ...in Groups and other papers. London Tavistock Publications.BENSON, J.E. 1987. Working More Creatively with Groups. 2nd edn. London Routledge COREY, G. COREY, M.S. CALLANAN, P. RUSSELL, J.M. 2004. Group Techniques. 3rd edn. London Thomson Learning COREY, M.S. COREY, G. COREY, C. 2010. Groups Process and Practice. 8TH edn. Canada Brooks/ Cole JAMES, N. 2010. Individual and Group Work Facilitation Skills. Newport Newport University Press.KOTTLER, J.A. ENGLAR-CARLSON, M. 2010. Learning Group Leadership, An Experiential Approach. 2nd edn. London SageTUCKMAN, B. 1965. Developmental Sequences in Small Groups. Psychological Bulletin 63, p 384 99. cited in DOEL, M. and SAWDON, C. (2001). The Essential Group Worker Teaching and Learning Creative Group Work. London J Kingsley.SCHNEIDER, M. 2003. Building a Team. New York Delmar Learning

Anorexia and Bulimia Essay -- Causes of Bulimia Nervosa, Anorexia

Bulimia Nervosa likewise known as Bulimia is a very unspoilt and dangerous eating disorder. The disorder can be describe as bingeing and then followed by purging or a person who eats a large amount of fodder in short periods of time and then vomits after eating to prevent on gaining the weight cause by the food. thither is different ways of going or so ways to prevent the weight gain, making oneself throw up, taking pills, or laxatives which forget increase how fast the food will move through your body, exercising excessively, eating a little amount or not at all, or taking other pills to pass by urine This disorder is mostly between the ages of 15 and 35, even if they maintain no specific food disorders. Studies made in Europe and USA have underlined the fact that roughly 10% of women in this age bracket say they and provoke vomiting occasionally 2% vomit once or more than per week. This disorder is most commonly found in girls and in their late teen years, still thats not to say it does not happen to boys it does but it is very rare. With a person who has bulimia it is very hard to tell by their appearance because when you have Bulimia you look average weight or just below it.This disorder is split up into 3 different illnesses they all have a lot in common but also have differences. The first type is Simple, simple bulimia nervosa usually affects girls at age 18 years old. The cause for this illness is under confident about oneself but do from good backgrounds. This illness is usually triggered by a short time of depressive disorder, such as a break up with a boyfriend. The girls who have simple bulimia nervosa have had a normal life as made friends normally and then they will have the short depression period and they will learn to hate themselves and their appearance. Usually diets start to boost up ones self esteem and then they cheat during the diet and vomiting will occur after eating. This form of bulimia is the least out of all 3 forms sever e. But that is not to say that the girls who do this dont promotion into worst conditions. Another form of the disorder is Anorexic Bulimia Nervosa this is almost a mixture between Anorexic and Bulimia. It starts off as just a brief period of anorexic and then when that is over the sufferer recovers the illness by a short period of stabilized weight... ... and mental health professionals come in to servicing the patient recover. In different cases of the disorder family therapy is the best way to help overcome the disorder and helps eat healthy again. The family has a well-favored effect on the sufferer and has to help the person realize that there body shape if perfectly fine and doesnt need to be prune to make anyone happy. There is always Clinics that may help treat the disorder, the treatment is structured and controlled so that they have to eat in a better and better way. If there is no desire and hospitalizing is not necessary for the sufferer then there is the choice of outpatients by having weekly visits to a therapist and sometimes need psychotherapy for the medicine, which can be more effective in worst cases. These disorders should not be left alone or untreated they can harm the body and soul and if left untreated the disorder can kill and at the best leave you looking terrible and feeling worse. These disorders may help you lose weight or not let you gain any, but in the long run it can seriously harm one and not only do these disorders affect the sufferer it also affects the people around them.

Dangers of a Totalitarian Society Exposed in Brave New World :: Brave New World

Dangers of a Totalitarian Society Exposed in Brave impudent World                                                                        On a superficial level Brave New World is the portrait of a perfect troupe. The citizens of this Utopia live in a society that is free of depression and most of the social-economic problems that trouble the world today. All aspects of life are controlled for the people of this society population numbers, social class, and intellectual ability. History is controlled and rewritten to courting the needs of the state. All this is done in the name of social stability. When one looks beneath the surface of this perfect society it becomes evident that it is nothing of the sort. Eugenics, social conditioning, and anti-depressant drugs have work out many of the problems faced by many modern societies poverty, class tensions and overpopulation but at the costs of individuality and with that their humanity. The citizens of brave new world are engineered to suite the needs of the state. Individual expression is impossible because everyone is conditioned to think alike. Brave New World is a book about a future that seems more(prenominal) viable and less brave with each passing day as our values become more materialistic and as our faith in theology dwindles slowly to be replaced by technology. Aldous Huxley wrote Brave New World to increase our awareness of this frightening future we seem to be progressing towards so we can clog it from happening. In the futuristic society of the novel, God has been replaced by science and technology as a source substance and meaning in life. As a consequence the words Christ and God are replaced with g et over. This is done because Huxley believed that the shift in emphasis from God to technology occurred, to a large extent, with Henry Fords debut of the Model-T.1 Instead of using the Christian calendar this date is used as the opening date of a new era the date is After Ford (A.F.) 632. This shift in importance is symbolized by substituting the Christian Cross with the Ford T.2 The byword of the new World State that now controls the world is Community, Stability, Identity. This motto emphasizes the importance of the society over the individual. Community emphasizes the importance of the individual as a contributor to society.

Dangers of a Totalitarian Society Exposed in Brave New World :: Brave New World

Dangers of a Totalitarian Society Exposed in brave out New World                                                                        On a superficial level Brave New World is the portrait of a perfect society. The citizens of this Utopia live in a society that is free of depression and most of the social-economic problems that trouble the piece today. All aspects of life argon controlled for the people of this society population numbers, social class, and intellectual ability. business relationship is controlled and rewritten to suit the needs of the state. All this is done in the name of social stability. When one looks beneath the surface of this perfect society it becomes evident that it i s nothing of the sort. Eugenics, social conditioning, and anti-depressant drugs deplete solved many of the problems faced by many modern societies poverty, class tensions and overpopulation but at the costs of individuality and with that their humanity. The citizens of brave new world are engineered to suite the needs of the state. Individual expression is impossible because everyone is conditioned to think alike. Brave New World is a book about a future(a) that seems more viable and less brave with each passing day as our values become more materialistic and as our faith in God dwindles slowly to be replaced by technology. Aldous Huxley wrote Brave New World to increase our awareness of this frightening future we seem to be progressing towards so we poop prevent it from happening. In the futuristic society of the novel, God has been replaced by science and technology as a source substance and meaning in life. As a consequence the words Christ and God are replaced with F ord. This is done because Huxley believed that the shift in emphasis from God to technology occurred, to a large extent, with heat content Fords introduction of the Model-T.1 Instead of using the Christian calendar this date is used as the opening date of a new era the date is after(prenominal) Ford (A.F.) 632. This shift in importance is symbolized by substituting the Christian Cross with the Ford T.2 The motto of the new World State that now controls the world is Community, Stability, Identity. This motto emphasizes the importance of the society over the individual. Community emphasizes the importance of the individual as a contributor to society.

Mechanics assignment friction

This lab was based on skyrocket motion and it was to prove the theory that was covered in lecture 5 to be correct. When transaction with projectile motion, it is the theory that when an object has been fired from its starting point into the air, it go away come at a lower place the influence of gravity and is attracted to make with an speedup of g m/s squared.In the lab a projectile launcher was used to project deuce steel bullock blocks, one in the horizontal direction and one in the good direction. The ball that was launched in the vertical direction was ball 1 and the ball that was launched in the horizontal direction was ball 2. The purpose of this experiment was to study projectile motion through the use of a vertical acceleration apparatus which shows the independence of vertical acceleration from the horizontal amphetamine.Projectile motion is a produce of motion in which an object or particle (called a projectile) s impel obliquely near the earths surface, and it mo ves along a curved path under the action of gravity only. The path followed by a projectile motion called its trajectory. Projectile motion only occurs when thither is one force applied at the beginning of the trajectory, after which there is no force in operation apart from gravity. Introduction Part B Part B of the lab was on Tractive Forces. Tractive force means the force available at the contact between the drive wheel tyres and road is known as tractive effort or tractive force.As used in mechanical engineering the term tractive force can either efer to the total traction a vehicle exerts on a surface, or the amount of the total traction that is parallel to the direction of motion. The published tractive force value for any vehicle whitethorn be theoreticalthat is, calculated from known or implied mechanical propertiesor obtained via testing under controlled conditions. The example that was taken in the lab was of a trail of 3 parts that were coupled together by couples (T 1) and (T2).The purpose of this lab was to prove the theory covered in lecture 6 was correct and to turn over the relationship between force, muckle and cceleration in tractive forces which comes from Newtons 2nd law. We know that force = mass x acceleration and we also were giving the conditions to which the train was under. get across 1, Part A recorded and calculated data Measured time and distance for the vertical ball and the horizontal ball project from projectile launcher. turn out 1st Ball (vertical) 2nd Ball (horizontal) Distance (s) (m) Time of flight (t) 0. 5 0. 93 0. 6 1. 38 0. 4 0. 51 1. 46 0. 43 0. 56 1. 36 0. 35 0. 57 1. 34 0. 60 0. 68 1. 39 0. 0 7 0. 40 0. 54 1 . 45 8 0. 28 1 . 31 9 0. 30 0. 47 10 1. 32 Average values 0. 391 1 . 387 Table 2, part A compute Horizontal upper, acceleration due to gravity, the % distinction in the value of gravity, and the Vertical velocity. Horizontal velocity (Vh) (calculated) 2. 57 rrvs Acceleration due to gravity, g (calculated) 6. 38 m/s squared % difference in the value of g -34. 96% Vertical striking velocity (W) (calculated) 3. 83 rms (Horizontal velocity) S = Vx T therefore S = 1. 39 = 2. 57 m/s T 0. 54 (Acceleration due to gravity) Sv = IJvT 1 g(t)squared 2 Therefore = 2 (0. 93) squared T squared 0. 54 squared = 1. 86 = 6. 378 = 6. 8 rms 0. 2916 0. 2916 (% difference in the value of g) % difference = Calculated -g x 100 . 81 (Vertical striking velocity) V=U+GXT v = o + 3. 83571 v = 3. 83 rms Discussion part A =6. 38-9. 81 x 100 In this lab that was completed it was shown that the theory behind projectile motion is correct. It was proven that both balls came under the influence of gravity once they left the projectile launcher and that they were both attracted to set up. The two balls were launched from the said(prenominal) vertical acme but the ball take 2 that was travelling in the horizontal direction travelled a further distance than ball number 1 in the vertical direction.Even though ball nu mber 2 travelled a further distance the wo balls will hit the ground at the same time as they both come under the same force of gravity however this was not shown in our table 1 (Fig 1) because their was human errors much(prenominal) as, two people starting the stop watches at different times, the person pressing the trigger mechanism was releasing the balls faster sometimes than other times even though we would start the stop watches on the count of 3. The other factors that had to be taken into consideration is, if the projectile launcher was at any assort of an angle due to the work bench not been balanced or level or an even surface.However the readings that were taken were still very close to distributively other so experiment the initial velocity of each ball was O m/s. To calculate the acceleration due to gravity we manipulated the equation to observe (g) gravity. When relations with projectiles, we use the same equations as linear motion but the (a) for acceleration is replaced or substituted with (g) for gravity. The acceleration due to gravity was 6. 38 m/s squared. In theory this acceleration should have been 9. 81 m/ s squared but due to the human errors that occurred during the experiments there was a difference of -3. m/s squared these % errors came from miscalculating of the time taken for the balls to hit the ground and the distance travelled by the horizontal ball. When the steel ball number 2 is projected from the projectile launcher in the horizontal direction, the time it takes for the steel ball to hit the ground is independent of its initial horizontal velocity, the steel ball will continue to move in the horizontal direction with the same horizontal velocity in which it was projected from the projectile launcher with because there is no acceleration so it stays at a constant velocity.The distance that the steel ball number 2 travels in the horizontal distance before it hits the ground is dependent on the time of flight and the hori zontal velocity that it was projected with. Projectile motion only occurs when there is one force applied at the beginning of the trajectory, after which there is no force in operation apart from gravity, this was proven in the experiment as ball number 1 was let fall from a height with no other force applied and ball number two was projected with a horizontal velocity from the projectile launcher and both balls were attracted to ground as they came under the nfluence of gravity.We found the value of acceleration using the average vertical height in which the ball was projected from and used the average horizontal time in which it took ball number two to hit the ground as ball number two was projected with an horizontal velocity it still should hit the ground at the same time as ball number one does as there both under the same force of gravity. If our measurements and calculations were 100% we should have got an acceleration of 9. 81 m/s squared. The horizontal component of the vel ocity of the object dust unchanged throughout the motion.The vertical component of the velocity increases linearly, because the acceleration due to gravity is constant. It is important to note that the Range and the Maximum height of the Projectile do not depend upon mass of the projected body. The Range and Max Height are equal for all those bodies which are thrown by same velocity and direction. Air resistance does not affect displacement of a projectile this is why we do not take the mass of the balls into consideration or the mass of any objects when dealing with projectiles. This experiment proves and supports the theory behind projectile motion to be correct.We do not take the mass of the balls or bodies into consideration when dealing with projectile motion as the air resistance does not affect the displacement of the projectile. The range and height are equal for all bodies which are thrown by the same velocity and direction. There was a small difference in calculating the acceleration due to gravity, this was because of the different readings and human errors that took place during the experiment. both(prenominal) balls come under the influence of the same gravity and are attracted to ground and should hit the ground at the same time.In theory both balls should hit the ground at the same time, but because there were two people using stopwatches to record the times taking there was going to be a difference in the readings and calculation. The horizontal distance ball number two travels before it hits the ground is dependent of the time of flight and the horizontal velocity of projection. Ball number two will travel at the same horizontal velocity because there is no acceleration or any other force applied. The vertical component of the velocity will increases linearly because the acceleration due to gravity is onstant, so it picks up speed as it is falling from a height.

Pakistan Day Celebration

Pakistan day is observed on 23rd march either year. It is an important day in the history of Pakistan. The Muslims of India demanded a separate homeland for themselves through a resolution called Pakistan resolution or Lahore resolution, This year in addition we celebrate Pakistan day with traditional zeal and fervor and renew a pledge to make the country strong, progressive and prosperous Islamic welfare state. The day dawned with 31 gun salute in federal peachy Islamabad and 21 gun salutes in provincial capitals. Special prayers were offered in all mosques. It was a cosmos holiday.National flags were hoisted on all public and individual(a) buildings. Newspapers published supernumerary supplements featuring articles highlighting the importance of the day. They alike printed rare photographs of the historical events. Radios and television channels aired special programmes including talk shows. The highlight of the day was the gird forces parade which was held at Jinnah spor ts stadium. The president and prime minister took the salute of the parade. Similarly in Karachi, the day was celebrated with outstanding honor and dignity. The Governor and Chief minister of Sindh visited the Mausoleum of Quaid-e-Azam.They laid floral wreath at Quaid-e-Azams mausoleum. The National museum Karachi arranged a special exhibition in connection with the Pakistan Day. This day is indeed one of the more or less important days in the history of our country. Energy crisis or Load Shedding of Electricity in the town. The people of Karachi know it very salubrious that Karachi has compose a city of problems. All these problems go together to make the life of Karachi ties very difficult. Perhaps the intimately serious of these is what we may call susceptibility crisis there have been an acute poorage of electricity in our city during the last ten old age.As a root the pervert remove has become unavoidable. In fact the whole country has fallen a victim into this men ace. But the situation is lather at Karachi and with the release of time the period of debauch shedding has greatly increased . Generally we have to pass six to twelve hours without electricity every day. Load shedding is the basic problem which gives rise to many other problems. People cannot sleep at night when the temperature is at its peak. The business of shopkeepers is also hampered particularly the people on the job(p) on computers and owners of photo state shops are the worst sufferers.During the darkness the criminals get a free hand and there is an alarming increase in crimes during load shedding. The patients in the hospitals also have to suffer as all the hospitals do not have generators or ups, so it is clear that everybody living in Karachi has to allow great difficulties. Promises in the reduction in the duration of load shedding are never fulfilled so the problem remains as it was years ago. The Book I like Most. The Holy al-Quran is my favorite take. It is t he name of Allahs book which has been revealed upon the last Prophet for mankind through the angel Gabriel.It is most often read and memorized and the most influential book in the world from literary point of view. Holy book of account is considered as the specimen of purest Arabic. It is a dominate piece of Arabic language and literature. The volume is instruction for the whole humanity. It is essentially a code of human conduct. It covers all the aspects of human life. It offers guidance to those who seek it. It also defines the causes of decline of the nation. It prompts man to be practical in his daily life. Its importance is recognizes even by the non-Muslims. Its teachings are practically rational.The knowledge in the Holy Quran is not merely knowledge of religious personal matters but also the knowledge of physical and other phenomenon of life. There are thirty chapters one coke and fourteen surahs and six thousand six one hundred and sixty six verses (Aayats) in it. B y the grace of Al-mighty Allah, I have memorized many surahs with their Urdu translation. Holy Quran is the book which gives me guidance about both the worlds. It tells us what reward we can get if we do good deeds. We can get physical as surface as spiritual guidance from it. In short Holy Quran is not only for an individual or a nation but also for the whole universe.Pakistan Day CelebrationPakistan day celebrations.Pakistan day is observed on 23rd march every year. It is an important day in the history of Pakistan. The Muslims of India demanded a separate homeland for themselves through a resolution called Pakistan resolution or Lahore resolution, This year also we celebrated Pakistan day with traditional zeal and fervor and renewed a pledge to make the country strong, progressive and prosperous Islamic welfare state. The day dawned with 31 gun salute in federal capital Islamabad and 21 gun salutes in provincial capitals. Special prayers were offered in all mosques. It was a pub lic holiday. National flags were hoisted on all public and private buildings. Newspapers published special supplements featuring articles highlighting the importance of the day.They also printed rare photographs of the historical events. Radios and television channels aired special programmes including talk shows. The highlight of the day was the armed forces parade which was held at Jinnah sports stadium. The president and prime minister took the salute of the parade. Similarly in Karachi, the day was celebrated with great honor and dignity. The Governor and Chief Minister of Sindh visited the Mausoleum of Quaid-e-Azam. They laid floral wreath at Quaid-e-Azams mausoleum. The National museum Karachi arranged a special exhibition in connection with the Pakistan Day. This day is indeed one of the most important days in the history of our country. Energy crisis or Load Shedding of Electricity in the town.The people of Karachi know it very well that Karachi has become a city of problems . All these problems go together to make the life of Karachi ties very difficult. Perhaps the most serious of these is what we may call energy crisis there have been an acute shortage of electricity in our city during the last ten years. As a result the load shedding has become unavoidable. In fact the whole country has fallen a victim into this menace. But the situation is worst at Karachi and with the passage of time the duration of load shedding has greatly increased .Generally we have to pass six to twelve hours without electricity every day. Load shedding is the basic problem which gives rise to many other problems.People cannot sleep at night when the temperature is at its peak. The business of shopkeepers is also hampered particularly the people working on computers and owners of photo state shopsare the worst sufferers. During the darkness the criminals get a free hand and there is an alarming increase in crimes during load shedding. The patients in the hospitals also have t o suffer as all the hospitals do not have generators or ups, so it is clear that everybody living in Karachi has to undergo great difficulties. Promises in the reduction in the duration of load shedding are never fulfilled so the problem remains as it was years ago.The Book I like Most.The Holy Quran is my favorite book. It is the name of Allahs book which has been revealed upon the last Prophet for mankind through the angel Gabriel. It is most often read and memorized and the most influential book in the world from literary point of view. Holy Quran is considered as the specimen of purest Arabic. It is a master piece of Arabic language and literature. The Quran is guidance for the whole humanity. It is essentially a code of human conduct. It covers all the aspects of human life. It offers guidance to those who seek it. It also defines the causes of decline of the nation. It prompts man to be practical in his daily life. Its importance is recognizes even by the non-Muslims.Its teach ings are practically rational. The knowledge in the Holy Quran is not merely knowledge of religious affairs but also the knowledge of physical and other phenomenon of life. There are thirty chapters one hundred and fourteen surahs and six thousand six hundred and sixty six verses (Aayats) in it. By the grace of Al-mighty Allah, I have memorized many surahs with their Urdu translation. Holy Quran is the book which gives me guidance about both the worlds. It tells us what reward we can get if we do good deeds. We can get physical as well as spiritual guidance from it. In short Holy Quran is not only for an individual or a nation but also for the whole universe.

Expansion and contraction of matter Essay

Thermal intricacy and ContractionMost of the matters, without some exceptions, inflate with the increasing temperature. When you give heat to matters speed of its particles increase and distance between them also increase which results in the increase of the scripts of matters. All refinements occurs in hoi polloi of the mettle however, sometimes some of the dimensions of them expand more with respect to others.In this case we neglect the less expanded ones and assume enlargement like linear intricacy in long materials. Moreover, we take the expansion of plate as atomic number 18a expansion and finally we take the expansion in three dimensions as volume expansion. thermic expansionInverse of the expansion is called contraction, generally when matters lost heat and their temperatures decrease they contract. Now we leave alone learn which factors effect expansion. If the sign volumes, argonas or distances of the matters are big enough their expansions with the same temperat ure are also big. In other words, expansion or contraction is linearly proportional to the initial volume of the matter. diverse matters have different atomic structure, thus distances between the atoms are also different.They give different reactions to the same do of temperature changes. So, another factor effecting expansion is shell of matter. Final factor that affects expansion is the amount of change in temperature. Larger the change in temperature results in larger the change in the volume of matter. We confirm following formula from the explanations given aboveV=V0.. TWhere V is the change in the volume, is the coefficient of thermal expansion and T is the change in the temperature of the matter. = Coefficient of thermal expansion is equal to the change in the volume of a unit of mass under 10C change in temperature. Expansion in Solid MattersWe will examine this subject under three title, linear expansion, area expansion and volume expansion. Linear Expansion Picture g iven below shows the linear expansion of metal rod. When it is heated, its length increases.linear expansionOur formula for linear expansion isL=L0.. TWhere L is the amount of change in the length of the rod, L0 is the initial length of the road, is the coefficient of linear expansion and T is the change in the temperature of the matter.Example There are three same metal rods having same length and thickness. If the temperatures of them are given like T, 2T and 3T find the relations of final lengths of the rods. (Rods are in contact) We find the final temperatures of the system by the formula Tfinal=T1+T2+T3/3=6T/3=2TSince the temperature of the start-off rod increase, its final length also increases. Temperature of the second rod stays same, thus there wont be change in the length of this rod. Finally, temperature of the third rod decreases, thus its contract and final length of it decreases with respect to initial length. As a result relation of the final lengths of the rods L1L 2L3Area Expansion When plate given below is heated, it expands in two dimensions X and Y. We find the area expansion with the given formula S=S0.2. TWhere S is the amount of change in the area of the plate, S0 is the initial area of the plate, 2 is the coefficient of area expansion and T is the change in the temperature of the matter. area expansionExample We hurt a circular member from the rectangular plate. Which ones of the cognitive operationes given below can help us in passing through the circular piece from the smother? expansion exampleI. Increasing the temperatures of rectangular plate and circular pieceII. Decreasing the temperature of the circular pieceIII. Decreasing the temperatures of the rectangular plate and circular piece I. If we increase the temperatures of the plate and circular piece, expansion of the muss and the circular piece will be the same. Thus, thisoption can help us. II. If we decrease the temperature of the circular piece, it contracts and hole be comes larger than the piece. This option can also help us. III. If we decrease the temperatures of the plate and circular piece, hole and circular piece contract in same size. This process can also help us.Volume Expansion If the objects expand in volume with the gained heat, we call this volume expansion and find it with the following formula V=V0.3. TWhere V is the amount of change in the volume of the cube, V0 is the initial volume of the cube, 3 is the coefficient of volume expansion and T is the change in the temperature of the matter. volume expansionHeat Temperature and Thermal Expansion Exams and SolutionsPhase Transition of Water Prev Next Heat Temperature and Expansion Cheat Sheet Tagsarea expansioncalculations of thermal expansionlinear expansionsamples of thermal expansionthermal contractionthermal expansion and contractionvolume expansion

Nutritional Analysis Paper

WELLNESS-FOCUS NUTRITION Diet Analysis Paper Being an insulin splitsucking diabetic with Celiacs Disease has played the main role in dictating my eating patterns for the perish six age. I walk a fine line of balancing blood glucose levels with diet and exercise. Many of the viandss I eat argon simply because I deem to follow a gluten reposition diet to man jump on my Celiacs Disease. With all of the emerging publicity of gluten free diets people assume that eating gluten free is a healthy, weight friendly, approach to eating.I amaze that a naturally occurring gluten free diet lives up to many of those expectations, however when certain foods are replaced with a formulated gluten free version it hence becomes a different story. When gluten free adaptations of grains in breads, pastas, cereals, etc. are added into my diet I find myself eating a much high amount of simoleonss and calories from starch. Many of the gluten free versions of whole grains are really dense in car bohydrates.The reason behind the heightened calories and carbohydrates is because it usually takes multiple types of gluten free flours mixed in concert to substitute for one non gluten free all purpose flour. I anticipate my carbohydrate intake allow be on the elevated side in the initial three day data, but I am consciously mindful to try to avoid too many gluten free replacements and instead favour for foods that are naturally gluten free. Other influences on my food choices would include my on the go lifestyle and my Diabetes. I have been a type one insulin dependent diabetic for twenty seven years.Over the exsert three decades the guidelines for a diabetics diet and target blood glucose range have changed drastically. Target blood glucose levels for good blood sugar control was 180 when I was first diagnosed. At the age of 12 I remember 150 being the upper limit. Now, at the age of 29, 120 is considered the highest good limit. These numbers hold relevance to me because they are how I determine my insulin intake and diet adjustments. I have to count my carbohydrates in allege to determine how much humalog to distribute. For every ten carbohydrates I consume I require one unit of insulin.These numbers all influence my food and potable intake. My schedule is also a deciding factor of my diet. I begin my day at five a. m. every day and am headed to the gym by five thirty every morning. From there I head to school, where I am a full time student, until approximately 4 p. m. . I then drive to my job pick uping competitive dance teams in Oxford until 9 p. m. . I get home, in Rochester, around 930 p. m. and begin my homework. My weekends are filled with competitions many times, which leaves me with very little time to grocery shop and prepare my meals in advance.I try the best I can to prepare my foods at home, but occasionally do resort to microwavable gluten free foods or salads from drive through windows. My expectations for my initial seven day data are that my levels will verbalise higher carbohydrates, but an fitted amount of vitamins and minerals. I do non anticipate my fat intake to be too high because I broadly speaking gravitate towards healthy fats. Fiber is definitely well incorporated in my diet through the variety of fruits, vegetables and skin on potatoes I eat. My vitamin D levels via food consumption whitethorn be low, but I am not concerned with it because I have been on a Dr. rescribed supplement for six years due to my Celiacs Disease. Based on the data collected in the first seven days of data recording , two of my initial hypothesis are correct. I have an elevated level of grains intake , which is shown on the my plate chart, and an extremely low level of vitamin D. During my second phase of dieting I will definitely be cautious of my starch intake in an attempt to lower it below the 112% of the recommended daily intake. A few things I am affect to discover are that my vegetable intake and dairy intake are m uch lower than my recommended daily intake .I am also disappointed to find out that my dietary vulcanized fiber, potassium and vitamin E levels are much lower than expected. Vitamins E and C work to stabilize free radicals and repair injury to the mobile phone membrane and tissues. Thankfully I am consuming three times the amount of vitamin C recommended, however my vitamin E level is at a classical 17% of what it should be. Free radical damage could become quite significant if I continue to be so deficient in vitamin E. Good sources of vitamin E to incorporate into my diet are nuts, more spinach, peanut butter and avocado.Potassium is an essential electrolyte that affects the clays fluid balances, nerve transmissions and muscle contractions. During dance I have noticed that lately, while pointing my toes, I have been experiencing foot cramping more times than not. The low levels of potassium I am consuming may be playing a role in that. Adding more fruits and vegetables to my diet is going to adjoin my vegetable intake as well as increase my potassium and fiber levels. Fiber is important in aiding the digestive tract and supporting regular bowel movements. Soluble fiber is known to lower both blood cholesterol and glucose levels.Additionally to fruits and vegetables, adding more legumes to my diet is a great way to get more fiber. Upon completion of the second phase of data entry I had definitely do some effective changes. I increased my vegetable intake from 68% to 209% by adding vegetables in as snacks and incorporating them into as many meals as possible. The most noted effects of eating more vegetables are that my fiber level increased from a 50% to a 96% and my vitamin E from a 24% to a 35%. My folate levels went from a 48% to a 77% and my vitamin A levels went from a 82% to a 230%, both can be attributed to the consumption of more fruits and vegetables.I increased all of my B vitamins except for Thiamin, which respectively stayed the same. By a dding more dairy through milk, cheese and yogurt I increased my calcium from a 70% to a 116%. My bones will surely thank me for that. Sodium increased from a 87% to a 128%. Ironically I increased my carbohydrate intake from a 55% to a 72%, yet reduced my grain intake from a 68% to a 52%. Adding a large variety of fruits, dairy and vegetables to my diet was the key to lowering my grain intake while raising my carbohydrate intake.The grain intake on the my plate give notice (of) is quite a fluctuation between the first and second phases, but I believe with continued monitoring and experimenting with interchanging foods that that can be balanced out. another(prenominal) notable change is that I cut my fats by nearly half by eating more vegetables and low fat dairy items. I did increase my fruit intake slightly from a 74% to a 83%, but I think that overall I do consume an adequate amount of fruit regularly. My recommended daily caloric intake is 1,858. 11, however I fell short in both phases. I am comfortable at a 1200 calorie diet.I was full every day and could not eat any more without becoming uncomfortably full. Overall this diet analysis was very informative to what changes I can make in my life for a more balanced diet that is high in nutrients, vitamins and minerals. It was eye opening what positive(p) changes adding more variety to my diet can actually make. My stress levels do fluctuate daily, however one stress factor that remains constant and I would rate at a 4 is my frustration with my lack of losing weight while giving a solid 100% effort over the last three months. I did not have any higher than usual stressful days.Mondays are always a higher stress day, simply because I have a more hectic schedule. I teach the largest number of children ages 7-18 dance on Mondays and having that many children for three hours does wear on my patience. I teach a total of 52 children that are split into three separate classes on Mondays. My schedule on Mondays, Tue sdays and Wednesdays has me up at 5a. m. , out the door at 545am and not returning home until 9 at night. I go directly from the gym to school to work on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesdays. That being said, I would rate my stress levels on Monday a 6, Tuesday a 5 and Wednesday a 4.Planning and packing meals, change of clothes, choreography, homework and medical supplies ahead of time makes a big difference in how smoothly those three days run. My diabetes is a contributor to my daily stress factor. I maintain some sort of stress on a daily basis that is based around my blood sugar levels, balancing them and the effect a high or low has on my body both physically and mentally. Every single day, regardless of other influences or happenings, my stress is maintained at a level 2 strictly because of my health management.With my activity level being so high and my schedule being so demanding, I know that averaging four hours of sleep a night is not healthy or ideal. I will try to aim for sev en hours of sleep a night in order to give my body the come across to rest and recuperate that it needs. My ability to focus and process information at an optimal level should also improve with more sound sleep. Stress levels may not diminish, but they will more than likely lower for me with improved sleeping patterns. I feel confident in being able to accept unhealthy patterns and rectify them the best I can while moving towards a healthier future.

Education in Great Britain

- EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN 6/7. Great Britain does not pretend a create verbally constitution, so there atomic event 18 no constitutional provisions for upbringing. The schema of education is determined by the National Education Acts. Schools in England be support from humans funds paid to the local education authorities. These local education authorities are responsible for organizing the civilizes in their areas and they themselves choose how to do it.Lets abbreviation the basic features of public education inBritain. Firstly, there are wide variations amongst one part of the cl stimulateish and another. For nearly educational purposes England and Wales are case-hardened as one unit, though the frame in Wales is a little different from that ofEngland. Scotland andNorthern Ireland have their own education systems. Secondly, education in Britain mirrors the countrys social system it is class-divided and selective. The first division is between those who pay and thos e who do not pay.The majority of drills in Britain are supported by public funds and the education provided is scanty. They are maintained schools, solely there is also a considerable number of public schools. Parents have to pay fees to send their nipperren to these schools. The fees are high. As a matter of fact, scarce very rich families flock send their children to public schools as well as to the best universities, such as Oxford andCambridge. Another important feature of schooling in Britain is a variety of opportunities offered to schoolchildren.The incline school syllabus is divided into Arts (or Humanities) and Sciences, which determine the division of the junior-grade school pupils into study groups a Science pupil will study Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics (Maths), Economics, Technical Drawing, Biology, Geography an Art pupil will do the English Language and Literature, History, foreign languages, Music, Art, Drama. Besides these subjects they must do some gener al education subjects like Physical Education (PE), Home Economics for girls, and Technical subjects for boys, everyday Science.Computers play an important part in education. in that location is a system of careers education for schoolchildren inBritain. It is a troika-year course. The system of option exists in all kinds of utility(prenominal) schools. Besides, the structure of the curriculum and the organization of teaching vary from school to school. Headmasters and headmistresses of schools are given a great deal of freedom in deciding what is taught and how in their schools so that there is really no central control at all everywhere individual schools.The National Education Act of 1944 provided three stages of education primary, tributary and further education. Compulsory schooling in England and Wales lasts 11 years, from the age of 5 to 16. After the age of 16 a growing number of school students are staying on at school, some until 18 or 19, the age of entry into highe r education in universities and Polytechnics. British university courses are rather short, broadly lasting for 3 years.The cost of education depends on the college and speciality which one chooses. Pre-primary and Primary Education Nurseries. Primary School. Streaming. The Eleven Plus Examination. No More of It? In some areas of England there are nursery schools3 for children down the stairs 5 years of age. Some children between two and five receive education in nursery classes or in infants classes in primary schools. Many children attend informal pre-school play-groups organized by parents in private homes.Nursery schools are staffed with teachers and students in training. there are all kinds of toys to keep the children busy from 9 oclock in the morning till 4 oclock in the good afternoon while their parents are at work. Here the babies play, lunch and sleep. They can run or so and play in safety with someone keeping an eye on them. For day nurseries which remain open all th e year round (he parents pay according to their income. The local education authoritys nurseries are free.But whole about three children in 100 can go to them there arent large places, and the waiting lists are rather long. Most children outset school at 5 in a primary school. A primary school may be divided into two parts -infants and juniors. At infants school reading, typography and arithmetic are taught for about 20 minutes a day during the first year, gradually increasing to about 2 hours in their last year. on that point is usually no written timetable. Much time is spent in modelling from clay or drawing, reading or singing.By the time children are cause for the junior school they will be able to read and write, do simple supplement and subtraction of numbers. At 7 children go on from the infants school to the junior school. This marks the transition from play to real work. The children have set periods of arithmetic, reading and composition which are all Eleven Plus s ubjects. History, Geography, spirit Study, Art and Music, Physical Education, Swimming are also on the timetable. Pupils are streamed according to their abilities to learn into A, B, ? and D streams.The least gifted are in the D stream. Formally towards the end of their fourth year the pupils wrote their Eleven Plus Examination. The hated 11 + examination was a selective procedure on which not only the pupils future schooling but their future careers depended. The abolition of selection at Eleven Plus Examination brought to life spaciotemporal schools where pupils can position second-string education. Secondary Education Comprehensive Schools. Grammar Schools. Secondary Modern Schools. The Sixth Form. No More Inequality?.Cuts on School Spending After the age of 11, most children go to comprehensive schools of which the majority are for both boys and girls. About 90 per cent of all state-financed secondary schools are of this type. Most other children receive secondary education in grammar and secondary modern schools. Comprehensive schools were introduced in 1965. The idea of comprehensive education, supported by the labour Party, was to give all children of whatever setting the same opportunity in education.Only about 20 per cent of children study for the General credentials of Education, Ordinary Level (GCE ?-level). Most children do not walkway GCE examinations. They leave school at 16 without any real qualification and much often than not increase the ranks of unemployed people. Pupils of modern schools take their Certificate of Secondary Education (CSE) examinations while in grammar schools almost all children stay to sixteen to take ?-levels. More than half of them stay on to take ?-levels.Some comprehensive and many secondary schools, however, do not have enough academic courses for sixth-formers. Pupils can transfer either to a grammar school or to a sixth-form college to get the courses they want. The majority of schools inScotland are six-year comprehensives. Secondary education in Northern Ireland is organized along selective lines according to childrens abilities. One can scantily say that high quality secondary education is provided for all inBritain. on that point is a high loss of pupils from working-class families at entry into the sixth form. If you are a working-class child at school today, the chance of your reaching the second year of a sixth- form course is probably less than one-twelfth of that for the child of a professional parent. Besides, government cuts on school spending caused many difficulties. Secondary School Examinations Time for Examinations. GCE. CSE. The Sixth Forms. CEE.GCSE Pupils at secondary schools in England (that is, pupils between the ages of twelve and eighteen) have two main exams to worry about, both called GCE General Certificate of Education. They take the first one when they are about fifteen. Its called O- level. There is an exam which you can take instead of ?-level it is calle d the CSE (Certificate of Secondary Education), and it is not as difficult as O-level. Most pupils take ?-level in about seven or eight different subjects.There are lots of subjects to choose from everything from carpentry to ancient languages. For a lot of jobs, such as nursing, or assistant librarian, you must have four or five ?-levels, and usually these must include English and Maths. You may leave school when you are 16. But if you stay at school after taking ?-level, you go into the sixth form. The sixth forms and sixth-form colleges offer a wide range of courses. Ordinary level alternative, CEE (Certificate of ExtendedEducation) and CSE courses are offered to pupils who need qualifications at a lower level. But if you have made up your mind to gain entry to a university, Polytechnic or college of further education you have to start working for the second main examination A-level. Most people take ?-level when they are about eighteen. It is quite a difficult exam, so people put ont usually take it in more than 3 subjects and some only in one or two subjects. Three ?-levels are enough to get you in to most universities.For others, such as Oxford andCambridge, you have to take special exams as well. A new school-leaving certificate is planned, however, and O-level and CSE will be replaced by one public exam, the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE). It is to show how children worked throughout 5 years of secondary school. 5. Parliamentary elections in the United earth should be seen as a referendum on the performance of sitting system of macrophages, not merely as a snapshot nationwide opinion poll determine fellowship voting weights for the next Parliament.The electoral system affects the degree to which pick outrs may hold their representatives to account for their actions in the previous Parliament changes which would diminish this accountability mechanics should be resisted. The UK presently has a legislature whose unelected chamber better reflects the relative strength of the Labour, Conservative, Liberal Democrat and None of the Above parties. Conversely, if Labour and the Conservatives each win 50% of the vote, the other chamber would have a sizable Labour majority. 51% of the seats in the Lower signal delivers 100% of the power, and this can be captured by Labour on about 40% of the vote.Nevertheless, whenever Labour runs into opposition from the chamber which, in any other context, would be described as more representative by people who go in for that kind of thing, it threatens to force its legislation through under the Parliament Acts, on the grounds that the Lower House is more democratic. The Lower Houseismore democratic. Contrary to the self-serving views of the Liberal Democrats and other jejune supporters of electoral reform, what matters for democracy is not representativeness or proportionality, so much as accountability and responsiveness.When MPs behave in accordance with their constituents wi shes, this is to be preferred to their merely breathing in fellowship groupings of such sizes as best reflect their constituents choices at the previous election. When discussing electoral reform in the UK, retaining a constituency link is often posited as a requirement. That is to say, it is felt to be necessary that everyone should have an MP who is in some sense theirs, normally meaning that people are grouped into geographical areas and each area gets its own MP. A weaker version of this permits multiple MPs for each area.This is supposed to be good because it means that theres automatically someone in Parliament to go to with ones grievances. There is a much better reason why it happens to be good. If we merely say that everyone must have one or a small number of MPs, that does not imply that every MP must have his own constituency. The German federal electoral system and its antipodean imitator in newborn Zealand affords MPs who have no constituencies they are elected from party lists and assigned in such numbers as ensure that the proportion of MPs in each party in the chamber match the proportion of the vote each party won.This category of MPs shares the same vice as MPs in a chamber fully elected by a proportional system they cant be voted out of office directly. If your MP decides to go against the wishes of his constituents, they can contact him and say, Hi, your majority at the last election was 2000 we, the undersigned 1001 who voted for you last time will vote against your party next time unless you buck the whip on this issue we care about. The easier it is to do this, the more likely the behaviour of an MP will reflect the wishes of constituents.Dont believe the canard about votes not counting every vote against the person who won counts against his majority and makes him more susceptible to pressure from his constituents before the next election. The electoral system can restrain this tactic. It works well under First Past The Post, and s imilar systems. Generally, increasing the number of MPs who represent a single constituency has the effect of making this tactic harder, as the punishment from electors may be spread across several MPs, especially if the electors cannot choose which MPs from a paricular party get the benefit of their vote.This is a notorious problem with the European Parliamentary elections in Great Britain if some MEP is the ringleader for a particularly odious policy, she cannot easily be voted out without voting out the colleagues from her party. Even when a free choice on the preferential ordering of MPs is permitted, it is difficult to stop the disliked MP from riding back to election on the coattails of his more fashionable colleagues. So, in order of preferability, the electoral systems rank as follows * First Past The Post, and Alternative Vote Single Transferable Vote in multimember constituencies * Proper proportionate Representation systems with open lists * Proper Proportional Represen tation systems with closed lists Having said all this, it must be stressed that electoral reform for the House of greenness should not be considered in isolation from the composition of the other chamber, and the relation between the Commons and three other institutions the executive, the House of lords, and the courts.Some notes Alternative Vote is the Australian name for a system which when used in single-member constituencies is identical to STV electors rank the candidates in order of preference, and the least popular candidate is repeatedly eliminated until someone has over 50% essentially, once a candidate is eliminated, a vote is regarded as counting for whichever remaining candidate was most preferred by its caster.The effect of this system tends to be obliteration of extremists without penalising or wasting protest votes. It should be noted that in the British debate, Proportional Representation is used to mean proper PR systemsandSTV/AV. The Australian Electoral Commissio nusedto have an excellent webpage with a classification of all the electoral systems used in Australias twenty-odd legislative chambers, but theyve seemingly improved it off their site now.Other fallacious views on electoral systems which it is useful to rebut at this juncture include the contention that FPTP entrenches a two-party system (in fact, the number of parties is contingent on the geographical concentration of voters), that AV in the UK in 1997 would have led to a larger Labour majority (only if you didnt recognise people and the parties what the electoral system was in advance, otherwise the parties would have behaved differently), and that geographical constituencies are a relic of a bygone age and are universe replaced by PR across Europe, or at least the world.FPTP is described by Hilaire Barnett in her militantly Anglosceptic tome on the British constitution as still existing in some dusty English-speaking corners of the planet in fact some countries using PR have been moving towards constituencies Italy did in the 1990s, and the Dutch are considering a similar move. 2. POLITICAL PARTIESThe idea of political parties first took form in Britain and the Conservative Party claims to be the oldest political party in the world. political parties began to form during the English civil wars of the 1640s and 1650s. First, there were Royalists and Parliamentarians then Tories and Whigs. Whereas the Whigs wanted to curtail the power of the monarch, the Tories today the Conservatives were seen as the patriotic party.Today there are three major political parties in the British system of politics * The Labour Party the centre-Left party currently led by Ed Miliband * The Conservative Party (frequently called the Tories) the centre-Right party currently led by David Cameron * The Liberal Democrat Party (known as the Lib Dems) the centrist, libertarian party currently led by Nick Clegg In addition to these three main parties, there are some much smaller UK parties (notably the UK Independence Party and the Green Party) and some parties which operate specifically in Scotland (the economical National Party), Wales (Plaid Cymru) or Northern Ireland (such as Sinn Fein for the nationalists and the Democratic Unionist Party for the loyalists). Each political party chooses its leader in a different way, but all involve all the Members of Parliament of the party and all the individual members of that party.By convention, the leader of the political party with the largest number of members in the House of Commons becomes the anchor Minster (formally at the invitation of the Queen). Political parties are an all-important feature of the British political system because * The three main political parties in the UK have existed for a light speed or more and have a strong and stable brand image. * It is virtually impossible for someone to be elected to the House of Commons without be a member of an established political party. * All politic al parties strongly whip their elected members which means that, on the vast majority of issues, Members of Parliament of the same party vote as a block. Having said this, the influence of the hree main political parties is not as dominant as it was in the 1940s and 1950s because * The three parties have smaller memberships than they did since voters are much less inclined to join a political party. * The three parties secure a lower overall office of the total vote since smaller parties between them now take a growing share of the vote. * Voters are much less tribal, supporting the same party at every election, and much more likely to float, voting for different parties at successive elections. * The ideological differences between the parties are less than they were with the parties adopting more pragmatic positions on many issues. In the past, class was a major determinant of voting intention in British politics, with most working class electors voting Labour and most middle cla ss electors voting Conservative.These days, class is much less important because * Working class numbers have shrunk and now represent only 43% of the electorate. * Except at the extremes of wealth, lifestyles are more similar. * Class does not determine voting intention so much as values, trust and competence. In the British political system, there is a broad consensus between the major parties on * the rule of law * the free market economy * the national health service * UK membership of European Union and NATO The main differences between the political parties concern * how to tackle poverty and inequality * the levels and forms of taxation * the extent of state preventive in the economy * the balance between collective rights and individual rights

Department of Marketing Studies &International Marketing Essay

Here is my report on Foreign Exchange policy of EXIM BANK Limited A Critical Evaluation submitted to your honor. A methodological research was conducted to prepare the report for fulfillment of the requirement of Internship Program, an integral part to the academic curriculum for MBA. This report has been prompt on the basis of the findings out of the research work with practical knowledge, which includes collection of primary and secondary data, discussion with the executives and study on relevant books and publications. I defecate studied on relevant issues and tried to highlight the pros and cons of it accordingly in this regard. I have also tried to reflect all the findings of my study in this report to the point to make it a rich one.I would like to express my gratitude for your kind guidance in completion of the report assigned for me. I sincerely hope that this report will meet your expectation and will serve its purposes.Thanking you.Sincerely yours(Trishita Chowdhoury)Cl ass Roll no. 15036Exam. Roll no. 2000/88Registration no. 2445MBA, segment of Marketing Studies &International Marketing University of Chittagong.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTAll the praise and admiration for almighty God the most(prenominal) gracious, most kind-hearted that has enabled me for successful completion and submission of this dissertation timely.I would like to express profound gratitude and indebtedness to my honorable teacher and Internship supervisor Mr. Bazlur Rahman Associate Professor Department of marketing, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh, for his direct concern, professional guidance, encouragement during my research work and for his critical suggestions and corrections of the manuscript in the preparation of this Internship up to this.I accord a slurred sense of appreciation to the professor Salamatullah Bhunia Chairman of Marketing Department, University of Chittagong, for providing necessary facilities during my research time.I express my profound gratitude to all other respected and honorable teachers of our part for their mental boosting up and give their valuable advice during my research work.I shall be improper, if I dont thank Mr. Md. Abdul Hasham, honorable Assistant Vice president & Manager of EXIM Bank (CDA Avenue Branch) who gave the opportunity to work in his well-reputed organization as internee.I offer my sincere give thanks to all the officials of the EXIM Bank, CDA Avenue Branch, Chittagong, who warmly arrange and support me all time.I also grateful to the other officers and staffs of our Department of Marketing university of Chittagong for their continuous help during the research program.I am genuinely thankful to all my all classmates of Department of Marketing who are always a source of inspiration for me in accomplishing this work.Finally, I would like to say thanks to all these people and looking forward for their continued support and cooperation in future.EXECUTIVE SUMMERYToday Banking Sector is much more integrated into twain individual and also business organization. Banking sector has expanded todays business world.A financial institution that is licensed to deal with money and its electrical switch by accepting time and demand deposit making, loans and investing in security is called Bank. It can be expanded through Private and public make based. But in Bangladesh stranding has extremely expanded in the current few years. In Bangladesh there are too many banking institution. They all are hard to keep their customer in a level through providing better service. All of are practice their activities through General banking like deposit collection, thriftiness money, handling transfer transaction Loan and Advance like term loan, cash credit, industry loan, Foreign Exchange like letter of guarantee, import and export, remitment etc.Service from banking is seemed to vary from service provider organization to another service provider organization. This sensitive part gets more sensitivity w hen individual as well as countrys potentiality like Foreign exchange policy of a bank involves in there. And, it becomes more complex if that bank owned by a private sector and its also Shariah based bankinginstitution. This is why, I feel myself fortunate enough to win a adventure for undergoing an internship program EXIM Bank limited special reference with CDA avenue branch.Foreign Exchange policy of our country approved by Bangladesh Bank. This specific policy must(prenominal) be follow by the all other bank. We know Export and import is the most important issue for every country. Every countrys national bank determined its policy, which are exceedingly related to the countrys welfare. In our country our national bank Bangladesh Bank determined this policy.This indite reflects the unique position of the Foreign Exchange Policy of EXIM Bank Bangladesh limited is enjoying. So, i think a deep-rooted study may explore the riddle of its success side by side indicating the reaso n behind failure one to another service provider organizations.This study will comprise the beta findings of EXIM Bank Bangladesh limited its General Banking, Loan investment, Specially Foreign exchange policy, recommendations in the light of predetermined objectives, and methodology subject to acknowledgement of the affect caused by unavoidable limitation. In recent survey an important things comes out that is investor from other countries have getting interest to invest there. Investment from the other country highly related to the Foreign Exchange policy that include export and import business of a country. In here there is a problem that most of the policy has been taken from the highly qualified people but they take policy never talk with ultimate investor who are working in the folksy level. EXIM Bank Bangladesh limited follows all of the policy strictly.But some times it also face problem for that policy. Working in the practical field tec find that in some cases merchandis er want high priced L/C value if the bank is capable but it cannot do that for the policy limitations. So in that time they have to follow the other initiative, which create problem. Here the researcher make this report by the following way. Chapter -1 shows the introductory analysis. Chapter 2 shows theoretical analysis for the study. Chapter 3 shows overview of the EXIM Bank.Chapter-4 Analysis &Evaluation of FEP of EXIM Bank.Chapter-5 shows Major findings Andfinally Chapter-5 shows recommendation and conclusion Here the most noticeable thing is that EXIM Bank Bangladesh limited creates more or less 23% growth about its foreign exchange policy. It enjoy all the facilities that it can.

Practical lessons to deliver premier customer service under tough situations

Some of the pragmatic lessons to deliver premier client service include-Effective communication. This is very essential in every byplay for it ensures understanding amongst the employer and the employees towards the customers in tough situations. The source of conflict and misunderstanding is inadequate communication in all set of organization. Communication enhances understanding of the concepts and ideas which is very crucial in how teamwork operates and in fashioning of decisions.Listening ability and proving to the customers that you are listening is very crucial for it enhances proper understanding in the organization. Another lesson is practicing how to relate with customers by adding value to the customers and making sure proper information is conveyed to the right people (Woirhaye, 2006). One should be foc used and have passion. The personality of selective service should be eliminated in the business for it leads to downfall that supports negative culture.The ability to handle customer complainants is of utmost importance for they often rise in every organization. One should be very deliberate for the things one say to the complaining customer for it can lead to relationship building or relationship salvaging and this affects business directly. Anger management is another practical lesson that employer and the employee should learn in order to deliver premier customer service. While dealing with difficult clients in tough situations, it is important to stay calm all the same when the customer results to insults.When faced with this situation, it is important to stay calm and think carefully before you say anything. This is because anger can lead to one saying things to the customer that can lead to regretting later. The employer and the employees should not expect the behavior of the customers to be exactly as they (employer and employees) behave. When faced with a difficult customer, it is important to lighten up and use humor. This helps in rele asing the tension (Customer Service Zone, 2010).

Imposing Strict Punishment for Driving Offences

Two weeks back, my friends and I witnessed a cable car accident in front of our very own eyes. The night was still as there were non many cars on the thoroughfare. However, the silence was disrupted by a loud screeching noise. The flow of chat came to a halt as we turned our heads in unison towards the source of the noise. At that exact moment, we see a black car crashed into a lamp post. The front of the car was severely damaged and minutes later, the exhaust driver could be seen limping fall out of the car. What we have just witnessed serves as proof that roadway accidents be becoming more and more rampant with every passing day.Some suggest imposing harsh punishments for driving offences as a mean to reduce road accidents. In most situations, this holds true because punishments such as heavy penalisation, residential ara service and a prison destine are able to heighten an offenders behavior. Moreover, it deters the creation from making traffic offences. Heavy pen alty should be imposed on those who defy the road rules. For example, those who fail to obey the speed limit on Malaysian roads and express commissions peck be fined up to RM300, depending on the difference between the speed limit and the driven speed.Compare and Contrast private road in the Winter and Driving in the SummerA heavier penalty of RM500 should be imposed on the road offenders to deter them from committing the offence again. Besides that, a stricter punishment in the form of a heavier penalty will act as a deterrent to potential road offenders. This method has been proven to be rather successful as a statistics have shown that the number of road accidents have reduced by 39% when a heavier penalty was imposed. If this continues, nobody will dare to go at high speed. afterward all, money is what motivates or deters people from doing or not doing something.Not only that, I believe that the community service is a good form of punishment especially for the younger offende rs. Young being those who are aged between 17 to 35 years of age. In this form of punishment, offenders are forced to contain out between 40 to 300 hours of unpaid work as Community Payback which includes cleaning public areas such as the community halls, playgrounds and schools. They are in addition made to wear uniforms while carrying out their duties. Undoubtedly, they would be embarrassed as people would take notice of them and more so if it were their very own friends.They talent even be mocked at or ridiculed by passers-by. However, the main aim of the community service is not to make a fool of these people but to bring about a change of military strength in them. By doing the community service, hopefully they are able to experience and appreciate the hardship that others introduce in maintaining the public areas even though the offence committed was not related to it. One way or another, this might just help them to be a better person. A prison doom could also be seen a s an effective method to reduce road accidents. However, this will take into broadsheet the severity of the road offence committed.If it involves the disordered of an innocent life then a prison sentence should be compulsory. For instance, the punishment of a two year long imprisonment to those who commit a road offence such as driving under the influence (DUI). If there happens to be a lost of a life due to that persons irresponsible act, then the prison sentence should be extended to four years. This might seem rather cruel to some but these offenders should think of the consequences beforehand they decide to go behind the wheels while under the influence of certain substances such as inebriant and drugs.Life in prison would be a deterrent to the public in committing driving offences as it strips them of their freedom. Undeniably, the mere thought of losing ones freedom is enough to send shivers down the spine. With that being said, we gage conclude that most people will abid e by the law if a sense of fright is affected into them. Nevertheless, I am also of the opinion that other methods that are not punishment based could also reduce road accidents. For instance, tightening the rules on obtaining a driving license and holding campaigns on road safety in schools.Some may argue that the subtler methods do not work well with at presents society but I think that we should look into the core of the matter to find out where the problem lies. By doing so only then we are able to decide on the scoop out solutions to overcome this ever growing problem. The subtler methods are effective in its own ways as it helps to instill the right mentality into teenagers and childrens minds from a young age. In other words, the law enforcers, police and political science should find the best solution to this problem and it should incorporate both the elements of the harsh punishments and also the subtler methods.

America Foreign Policy

The shift ban built in bedd by the United States on Cuba involves financial, stintingal and commercial restrictions that were first placed on Fidel Castros organisation in 1962. It was as a go of the politics expropriation of assets and properties of US subject aras and corporations. The censor was first suggested and implemented by death chair Kennedys government on the charge that on that point was lack of country in Cuba non merely in respect to the Cuban nationals solely overly to different nationals.In essence, the swop embargo restricted certain economic and financial transactions in the midst of the nationals of the deuce countries whether like a shot or indirectly in regard to the employ of a third country or national of much(prenominal) a country. The embargo started with the introduction of an present moment quota on sugar imported from Cuba by several millions. This was met by an agreement by the Soviet conjugation to by the rest of the sugar from Cuba. Still, the Cuban government under the leadership of Fidel Castro continued to resign that actions on businesses owned by American national, confiscating closely of it.The US government penalised by expanding the disdain restrictions blush further especially because of the alignment of Cuba with the Soviet Union in the unwarmed war which caused the Cuban missile crisis. Later, the US government imposed travel restrictions to its nationals restricting them from traveling to Cuba. Further down the line, the US government charged the Cuban government of hosting Soviet Union nuclear weapons and since the union was an enemy in the cold war, regulations were endow in place to dispatchze any Cuban assets in the states and to further consolidate the restrictions put on the country.Various restrictions has since been put in place which include restriction on the amount of gold dog-tired by a US national on the Cuban island, restrictions on the forms and amount of gifts that a US national can give to a relative in Cuba or a Cuban national among others. Furthermore, the US government restricted any company that is involved in trade activities in Cuba from entrance the US miserliness on the argument that such a company would be trafficking assets from US to Cuba. To date, most of the trade restrictions placed on Cuba and expenditure restrictions placed on US nationals and corporations in conviction stand. nonwithstanding efforts by nearly(prenominal) of the activists and United Nations has been meeting a dead end with previous and current presidents of the US suspending bills and efforts aimed at lifting the embargo. Despite the fact that some valid reasons were used in basing the embargo and the fact that the US government and its nationals are not touch on much by the Embargo, the effects of it are not scarce affecting the unmotivated but in addition affecting the US economy in ways which were unintended. Efforts by activists and the UN are s till unsuccessful despite the dire consequences that the embargo has had.In essence, while today the embargo is much founded on democracy issues in Cuba, it goes a step further to restrain the achievement of democracy in the country, punishing Cuban citizens as opposed to the Administration. The purpose of the paper is to expound on the benefits that can be achieved by lifting the embargo not altogether to Cuba but also to the US and its citizens in general. Why the Embargo should be move As observed earlier, various efforts to lift the restrictions on Cuba and American travelers pretend continuously been rejected two by the President and the congress.On the contrary, the US government has eased a little following pressure from some of the activists. For example, agribusiness organizations and American farmers put the government under pressure to lift some of the restrictions which saw the perimeter of sale of medicine and agricultural goods only for humanitarian reasons. Still , many another(prenominal) of the restrictions still are in place and there exist no evidence that these restrictions forget be lifted any time soon. In light with the embargo, Cubans and scholars energise argued that the embargo has and still is affecting negatively the resources of the Cuban nationals as opposed to those of the government.This raises many humanitarian issues in regard to the US government especially considering that the embargo was as a endpoint of democracy issues in Cuba. It has been argued and it is true to a greater extent that the economic damage that arises as a result of the embargo is to some extent responsible for the problems associated with transportation and food shortage in Cuba. As argued by some governments and activist, the embargo has had dire effects on medicine supplies, food and other economic needs of Cubans.This by extension has resulted in vulnerability in infectious diseases and epidemics including malnutrition. The restrictions also t hrow negatively stirred the flow of medical information in the country indeed resulting to diseases that would otherwise be well dealt with. The rationing system that results as a result of food shortage bedevil greatly affected men and the elderly since designed to give preference to women and children. On another view, the embargo has greatly influenced the skill of US investors in Cuba but more so have affected non American investors in Cuba.In this context, investors who have interests in the US economy have been reluctant or have been restricted by the rightfulness from investing in Cuba. As such, the embargo is not only affecting the Cuban and the American nationals but also the nationals of other countries as well. Moreover, it has continuously threatened diplomatic relationship of US and other countries in regard to the dealings and transactions of these countries and Cuba. In any case, while the embargo gives the Cuban government a scapegoat for problems not directly associated with the embargo, it gives a head start for non US businesses in Cuba should it be lifted.In this regard, these businesses have already established firm foundations to be shaken by the compe white meation that would arise from the lifting of the trade embargo. In general, while the embargo is aimed at improving the democracy and the compliance with human rights, it has continuously affected these rights negatively making it non humanitarian itself. It is worth noting that it an inadequate reason for the US government to argue that it is involved in charity work aimed at giving medical and food supplies to Cubans.On the other hand, the bureaucracy involved in this charity work has greatly affected its effectiveness in Cuba. Charity organizations and other non governmental organizations have faced delays as a result of the licensing process involved and transportation problems. It also represent a violation of international law as provided for by the United Nations Charter. In this context, the fact that the embargo directly condemns the sale of certain food products and medical products abuses the human right of accessing life saving medical supplies.Further Arguments As it stands out, the trade embargo imposed by US government hinders free trade between the two countries. While the US government is laid-backly dependent on home production, it does not mean that it has a comparative advantage on all it consumables then it is forced to import some of it consumables from other countries. This implies that there is an existence of free trade between US and these other countries. One of the major advantages of free trade is that it promotes liberalization of the economies involved.As such, by maintaining the trade embargo on Cuba, the US is denying the Cuban economy better causal agency for liberalization. In essence, the Cuban economy can not be open to American investors nor is it open to non US investors who have interests in both countries. In th is context, the US economy is and continues to lose the advantages that are associated with the liberalization of the Cuban economy just like any other economy. In fact, it would be irrational to argue that the economy of Cuba has little to offer to that of US.On the other hand, Cuba has been famous of having a comparative advantage on sugar production. It is domineering that the US economy can obtain such goods from other economies but the question remain, how cheap would it strike them from the Cuban economy. A good example is the tourist potential of Cuba. Travel restrictions have greatly affected the realization of benefits in Cuban tourist industry as the US government restricts its nationals in see the island and in the maximum amount of dollars that can be spent on the island on any disposed day.Moreover, free trade allows the manifestation and cleansement of diplomatic relationship between the countries involved. While the problem in Cuba is a policy-making one, trade embargo does not serve well in solving other problems in the country especially social and humanitarians one. It has over and over been argued that as opposed to a trade embargo, the problems in Cuba can only be solved by changing the communist political organization in the country. In light with these, the US government should first lift the embargo thus embark on measures that are aimed at filling the loopholes in the Cuban political system.In any case, the embargo like others placed on other countries such as Iraq will only give the Cuban administration a reason to cling further to it political system. While, the US government restrict the preparation of certain serves to Cubans as was evident in the situation where the US government stressed Starwood hotels to furrow away Cuban delegate who had attended the US- Cuba Trade Association, the Cuban government is also justified to retaliate in any way they think will bring equality. Such retaliation will only worsen further the d iplomatic relationship between the two countries.Still, free trade helps in change magnitude the amount of foreign currency held by a given economy. With the reduction of economic aid by the soviet, Cuba has been experiencing may economic problems most of which is as a result of lack of foreign currency to service debts secured from Asian countries. As a result, the living standards of Cuban nationals have greatly depreciated. In this context, it is a false belief for the US government to argue that all the humanitarian problems in Cuba are as a result of bad governance.In essence, the US governments and it allies whether countries, corporations or individuals have greatly contributed to the decline in humanitarian benefit in Cuba. By placing sanctions on allies dealing with Cuba and by closing it economy from Cuba, the US government denies Cuba a chance to earn foreign currency and by extension impacts heavily on the livelihood of Cubans. Perhaps the most obvious advantage of fr ee trade is that it increases the living standard of the nationals of the two various(prenominal) economies.In this regard, free trade increases the availability of a mixing of goods and services to the states of the two countries. For one, the population has a variety of quality products to choose from and secondly, these products are available at a cheaper price keeping in judging the concept of comparative advantage. Buying these products a cheaper price will increase the real purchasing causation of the constituents of the population giving them the capability to save and invest in other areas of the economy.It would and then be applaudable to the Cuban nationals if the US government lifts the embargo as this will help in not only reducing their dependence on other economies through charity works but it would also improve their living standards. Since the US government and economy is highly involved in charity work to help Cubans, the lifting of the ban would also go a lo ng way in helping the economy to give given the nature and the cost of the resources used for charity work. Another advantage of free trade is that it helps in improving the infrastructure of both countries and this is inclusive of both transport and communication.While the US trade embargo on Cuba can be seen as restricting the movements of goods and services, restrictions have been put in place which restricts the docking of Cuban ships on American docks. Similarly, there have been travel restrictions especially in regard to US citizens. In light with the restrictions and with the misfortunate diplomatic relationship between the two countries, the infrastructures of the two countries have suffered though not in direct terms. For example, flights operating between the two countries have been rerouted as no of the country privation the other to intrude in her air space.Situations as these have increased the cost of transport between the two countries and have even hindered the mo vement of goods and services especially for Cuba since it has to use long routes to import goods thus a high cost of importation. Such a poor infrastructure has also been accused of harboring poor flow of medical information into Cuba and by extension increase the persistency of epidemics and diseases in the country. Free trade encourages the increase in the level of investment opportunities between the respective countries while at the same time increasing foreign direct investments.This on the other hand helps in raising the living standards of the population of the two countries. Should the government lift the trade embargo, investment opportunities will sprout in the two countries. As a result, even if the US does not directly participate in investing in the Cuban economy, other multinational companies will seek investment opportunities in the country. In essence, those allies of US who have been reluctant to invest in the country will reconsider their stand. Moreover, the multi national companies in Cuba will also seek investment opportunities not only in the American economy but also in the economies of its allies.This will earn foreign currency for all the participating countries but more so will help in raising the living standards of Cuban nationals. As evidence has shown, the confiscation of Cuban assets including money held in banks, the government is only further aggregating the problem as the Cuban government is bound to take equal measures of counter attack and this can only add up to a web of tit for tat game. In addition to the above, free trade is also important in that it helps in increasing piece of work opportunities in the respective countries.As is the case with the living standards, creation of use opportunities is integrated with other factors such investment and specialization. As stated earlier, free trade creates investment opportunities which by extension create employment opportunities while at the same time improving the living s tandards of the nationals. In addition, free trade increases the economies of plate which means more investment and earnings from the existing investments. This will also help in creating employment opportunities for the citizens of the two countries.In this light, it would be more advantages if the US government considers the probability of lifting the embargo as this would benefit not only the economy of Cuba but also its own economy. It would help in raising the living standards of Cubans thus reducing the level of poverty and dependence in the country. Finally, free trade helps in the harmonization of ram policies between the two countries thus offering cheap and affordable labor term. On top of this, free trade allows increased mobility of factors of production.As stated earlier, the fact that the US economy is capable in producing most of its consumables does not necessarily mean that it has a comparative advantage in production of all of them. If the embargo is lifted, the U S economy will be able to expand its base in relation to factors of production thus improving on the productiveness of its economy. With the advantage arising from the geographical positions of the two countries, the US economy is capable of import factors of production from Cuba at a lower cost and in time thus increasing productivity in its industries.Goods can also be exported to Cuba not just for charity work but also for earning foreign currency. Conclusion As is evident following the above discussion, it is evident that the US by placing the embargo on Cuba, the US government has denied the Cuban economy to grow and by extension, it has denied Cubans the opportunity of enjoying a high standard of living. While the argument still remains that the embargo is aimed at improving the democracy in Cuba, it should be known to the US government that this has only resulted to more humanitarian problems than there was before the embargo.It is therefore important for the US government to accept the fact that what is needed in Cuba as opposed to trade embargos is to change the whole political system. As such, the US government should lift the ban and look for other economic and political ways of influencing Cuba. Reference Arnson Cynthia, 1993. Crossroads Congress, the President and Central America, 1976-1993. Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania State University Press, pp. 17 Bhaqwati Jaqdish, 2002. Free Trade Today. United States, Princeton University Press, pp.34 Fawn Rick, 2003. Ideology and National Identity in Post communist Foreign Policies. London, Frank Cass, pp. 32 Gianaris Nicholas, 1998. The Northern American Free Trade Agreement and the European Union. Westport CT Praeger Publishers, pp. 23 Louis A. 1995. Essays on Cuban History Historiography and Research. Florida, University Presses of Florida, pp. 45 McGillion Chris, 2002. Unfinished Business America and Cuba after the nipping War, 1989-2001. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 19 Pierce Anne, 2004.Th e American Foreign Policy Tradition Inspiration for Troubled Times. World and I, Vol. 19, pp. 56 Showalter D. 2007. 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