EasyShop Business Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

EasyShop Business Plan - Assignment Example There are several supermarkets in Las Vegas and this will prove to be a difficult situation for EasyShop to establish its brand image and attract customers. These supermarkets include; Albertsons, Walmart Supercenter, Mariana’s Markets Deli, 99 Ranch Market, Trader Joe’s, Vons, Whole Foods Market, Food 4 Less, and Sunflower Markets. EasyShop will offer products and services related to food and household merchandise. These products and services will be provided in the supermarket’s departments (food, electronics, housewares, floral, chemist, and laundry department). Products to be offered in the food department include meat, grocery, dry food products, packaged food, and soft drinks. In the electronics department, both products and services will be offered. Products will entail mobile phones, televisions, refrigerators, laptops, personal computers, home theatres, and other household electronic items. Services to be offered in this section include repair and maintenance services. Other products to be offered include cooking utensils and dishwares by the housewares department, floral products by the floral department, medicines by the chemist department, fabric softeners and detergents by the laundry department. The Las Vegas market is highly competitive and it will face stiff competition from the following supermarkets Albertsons, Walmart Supercenter, Mariana’s Markets Deli, 99 Ranch Market, Trader Joe’s, Vons, Whole Foods Market, Food 4 Less, and Sunflower Markets. Albertsons, Walmart Supercenter, and Mariana’s Markets Deli will be used to show how competitive the market is in Las Vegas.

Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Article Review Essay Example for Free

Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Article Review Essay The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was a daring attempt to legislate morality with the intentions of restoring integrity with the public in financial markets. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act is a direct result from corporate scandals like WorldCom, Enron, Adelphia, and Tyco, which succeeded in the collapse of these major corporation and ruined people’s lives. The mistreatment of employees and investors by flagrantly unethical business practices cost some their life savings and retirement portfolios while others went to jail because they were part of the scandals. The provision regarding ethics in business contained within the Sarbanes-Oxley Act help to ensure and deter unethical business practices. There are two particular provisions that have a big effect on organizations on their ethical decision making. The first is the requirement corporations must create a code of ethics for senior financial officers that include enforcement mechanisms and the regular rotation of outside auditors. There are other requirements such as Section 303 â€Å"improper influence on conduct of audits,† Section 306 â€Å"insider trades during pension fund blackout periods,† and Section 307 which state â€Å"rules of responsibility for attorneys,† (Orin, 2008) but the first two mentions have the power collectively to regulate corporations internally and externally. The Code of Ethics is a schematic for each corporation for governance within the organization to regulate and set acceptable standards for directors, officers, accountants, and employees. The mandatory rotation of auditors ensures the organization has a truly independent audit that allows auditors to question and criticize business practices of the corporation experiencing the audit. The SOX should have went one step farther by mandating audit –firm rotation rather than just rotation of the lead person doing the audit, which would ensure complete independence of the audits. The rotation will ensure if one auditor misses unethical practices or is part of it will be discovered and discontinue with the rotation. The out-of-pocket expense for compliance has many critics who say this is an unfair burden on corporations; however have made significant strides against unethical business practices. The criminal penalties for which the act provides includes fines, imprisonment, loss of exchange listing, and loss of DO insurance depending on which section of the SOX the corporation is out of compliance with. The CFO or CEO who unknowingly submits a wrong certificate could be fined up to one million and up to 10 years of prison, if knowingly then he or she could be subject up to five million and up to 20 years imprisonment. â€Å"The ultimate incentive, which may prove to be the sine qua non, is that a failure to do so could expose them to the disastrous possibility of being deemed to have embraced these historical problems and to become accountable for them as their own† (Orin, 2008). The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was drafted by Representative Michael Oxley and Senator Paul Sarbanes, which was intended to protect investors by ensuring/improving the reliability and accuracy of corporation’s disclosures of corporate financial performances. The SOX ensures that executives are held accountable for all financial issue even if unknown, forcing them to become more involved and monitor the accuracy of what is being reported to be true and accurate. References Orin, R. M. (2008). Ethical Guidance and Constraint Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Journal Of Accounting, Auditing Finance, 23(1), 141-171. SOX-Online, (2012). Sarbanes-Oxley essential information. Retrieved from http://www. sox-online. com/basics. html

Impact of Childhood Attachment and Separation Experiences upon Adult Re

Impact of Childhood Attachment and Separation Experiences upon Adult Relationships Abstract This qualitative research was conducted to ascertain if the attachment style a person has as an adult is created or influenced by his/her interactions with early childhood experiences. The research was carried out by means of a thematic analysis of an interview of a married middle-aged couple. The interviews bought the themes of Work, Childhood and Relationships to the foreground and these were analysed to establish if there is a connection in our childhood attachments and those we make as adults. It can be seen that there are similarities to the attachment types of infants compared to those that emerge as adults although individual differences and life experiences also have a part to play in our capacity to form secure adult attachment relationships. Introduction The general principle behind attachment theory is to describe and explain people’s stable patterns of relationships from birth to death. Because attachment is thought to have an evolutionary basis, these social relationships are formed in order to encourage social and cognitive development, and enable the child to grow up to ‘become socially confident’ in adulthood. The assumption in attachment research on children is that sensitive responses by the parents to the child’s needs result in a child who demonstrates secure attachment while lack of sensitive responding results in insecure attachment. John Bowlby who attempted to understand the distress infants experience during separation from their parents originally developed this research. Bowlby saw attachment as being crucial to a child’s personality developing and to the development of relationships with others later in life. This theory has its foundation in vertical relationships i.e. Primary Care Giver/Child, while on the other hand in The Nurture Assumption, Judith Rich Harris (1999) suggests that it is the peer groups that have the strongest control in shaping how that child will grow up and that parents have very little influence over the matter, this is known as a horizontal relationship. In developing and classifying infant behaviour Mary Ainsworth who worked with Bowlby for a number of years developed a method of gauging attachment in infants, in an experiment known as the ‘Strange Situation’. This involved observations in la... ...ng to see Jo smile and raise her eyebrows when Tony says at the beginning of the first interview he is â€Å"Fairly easy going†. It led me as a researcher to think that perhaps this was not actually the case, in Jo’s opinion. Actions like this give the interview a complete different angle, and can add tremendous information to the final interpretation of what is said. References Wood C, Littleton K & Oates J, Lifespan development, Chapter 1 in Challenging Psychological Issues by Cooper T and Roth I (eds) The Open University, Milton Keynes, 2002. Ainsworth, M.S., Blehar, M.C., Waters, E. and Wall, S. (1978) Patters of Attachment: A Psychological Study of the Strange Situation, Hillsdale, NJ, Erlbaum Goodley D, Lawthom R, Tindall C, Tobbell J, Wetherell M, (eds) (2003) Methods Booklet 4 – Understanding People: Qualitative Methods. Open University Press. Banister P, (ed) (2003) Methods Booklet 5 – Qualitative Project. Open University Press. Harris, J.R. (1999) The Nurture Assumption, London Bloomsbury. Research Methods in Psychology DSE 212 Video 1 –Part 4: Interviewing, Milton Keynes, The Open University. Appendix Appendix A -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Annotated copy of transcript.

Roman Gladiators

The Gladiators in general were either condemned criminals, prisoners of war, slaves brought for the purpose of the games and people who volunteered on their own will. The gladiatorial games reached their peak between the 1st century BCE and the 2nd century CE. Men who committed a capital crime were sent to the gladiatorial arena without a weapon defending themselves with their bare hands. The men who did not commit a capital crime were sent to training schools called Ludi. The earliest training schools were in Campania. At these schools they did not teach them to kill people but instead taught them to disable and capture their opponent. Criminals who trained in the schools were allowed to pick their own weapon and defence. If they survived a couple of years without dying they would receive freedom. The gladiators had to do what their owners (Lanista) told them to do otherwise they would be punished either by no food or beaten up. The gladiators were given adequate food supplies eating 3-4 times a day and received medical care. The Roman militaries success in war meant a big haul in of prisoners of war for the use in the gladiatorial games. Men who entered the games by free will had to take an oath in which they had to agree to the consequences of the game. This oath was: Being branded. Being chained. Being killed by an iron weapon. To pay for their food and drink they received with their blood and to suffer things even if they did not wish to. In the morning season of the games the Bestiarii or combatants who were taught to fight against animals were sent into the ring to fend for their lives against animals such as lions, tigers and bulls. Thousands of animals were slaughtered due to this proceeding. After these battles, unlucky men who had committed capital crimes were executed in front of the whole crowd by a sword. The winner of the gladiator battles received a palm branch form the editor. If he was outstanding he may even receive a laurel crown and money but the most sought-after award was the wooden training sword or staff given by the editor. There were many different types of gladiators. The Thracian gladiators were prisoners who were sent to Capua to train for the games in amphitheatres. Their uniform consisted of light leather for the body, little helmet, light shoes and a small round shield. They were trained to run around their opponents this is why they only had light gear. They had great mobility and stamina. Reziarius were equipped with a long net which was used to trip and trap their opponents, a fuscina (trident) which was their offensive weapon. They also had a small dagger which they used to give the final blow. They wore leather for protection and no helmet or shield to deflect their opponents strikes this is why they had to by agile and fit. The Dimacheri had two short swords and only two short leather arm guards to protect themselves. Speed was their speciality, they ran around their opponent and quickly evaded them making the opponent tired before killing him. Sannita were part of the heavy uniform gladiators. They wore a metal plate to protect the chest a long shield, a helmet with a grid to cover the eyes and a long sword to attack. These gladiators were slow but effective within the ring. The Generic gladiators had no particular skill they were used to fill up the space when the event went the whole day or more. Other types of gladiators include the Provocatores, Sesterziarii, Catervrii, Mirmillion, Essedarii, Paegnaria (dwarfs). The weapons of the gladiators consist of fascina(harpoon), galea(visored helmet), galerus(metal shoulder piece), gladius(sword), hasta(lance), iaculum(net), manicae(leather elbow or wrist bands),parma(round shield) ,scutum(large shield) and sica(curved scimitar).

Organized sport Essay

There are multiple benefits of playing an organized sport in school and it definitely help you out in life. Confidence is a huge part of being part of an organized sport. When you improve and keep improving you will start to feel better about yourself. Your coach will tell you the same thing when you are doing well and that should be a great feeling and will greatly increase your confidence. Sportsmanship is another benefit of playing sports. When someone makes you angry when you are playing you need to be able to stay composed and don’t let it get to you. It’s the same way when you are not playing a sport. You shouldn’t need to start anything with anyone. Playing organized sports will also help you with getting along with people. You need to be able to get along with your teammates especially. It is part of team chemistry and if it isn’t there then the team might not be as good as they could be if you just got along. If you don’t like them you still need to get along with them while playing your sport or it wont work. Students who participate in organized sports tend to work harder in school and have greater educational aspirations. It can also be an incentive to get better grades in school. Some schools require minimum grade point averages and attendance to be eligible. Parents can also set certain requirements for their kids. When children participate in these types of activities they learn to communicate and work better with their peers and adults. Organized sports are usually made up of kids who have a lot of different social backgrounds. Which can help teach them about diversity and give them the opportunity to make new friends. It teaches you a strong work ethic as well. They are more likely to be active and hard working students. Organized sports teach kids how to be disciplined during practice and how to focus to the task they are doing at the moment, and how to be patient when things get a little rough. Athletes also have to be able to achieve balance between their schoolwork and sports. There are many ways that benefit kids who participate in organized sports. Perseverance will make them stronger and the will gain the willpower to be the best athlete they can possibly be.

Health and Vitamins essays

Health and Vitamins essays Vitamins are everything and nothing. One all the high-pressure advertising and Farfetched claims and stripped away, vitamins emerge as what they really are: everyday Chemicals found in minuscule amounts in almost everything you eat. Vitamins are so Common that it is almost impossible to get them out of food. The closest anyone has come so far to vitamins-free dishes in white flour, white rice, white cornmeal, white sugar, and all the other are to much of a process for food. Even more important, if you keep up all the vitamins you need each day in a pile, that pile would be smaller then period at the end of this sentence. To look at it another way, divide an 1000 parts: your maximum vitamins requirement is a mere 7 of those parts every 24 hours. You could store all the vitamins you need each year in a thimble-and still Everybody really needs vitamins. They play an indispensable role in millions of everyday chemical reaction that occur in the body. Every important event, from digestion to reproduction to ready to walking, requires one vitamin or another. If you were to eat a diet totally lacking in vitamins, your life expectancy would be measured in weeks, if not Back in 1940 when the German Luftwaffe was destroying London by relentless and methodical bombing, the Royal Air Force suddenly got the upper hand, particularly in high air battle. The rigidly censored British newspaper gleefully revealed to all the world that the British advantage was the result of feeding carrots supposedly rich in vitamin A to the fighter pilots to prevent night blindness. From that moment on, a generation of American youngsters were conscientiously overdosed with raw carrots to protect them from night blindness, a disease that has not been a serious threat since the year 1349, when an epidemic occurred in Holland. Even more important, the newspaper ...

Victorias Secret Essay Example

Victorias Secret Essay Example Victorias Secret Essay Victorias Secret Essay Store location is an important decision for retailers because location is â€Å"typically one of the most influential considerations in a customer’s store-choice decision† (Retailing, 167). Most consumers choose which store to visit based on close proximity to home or work, comfort level, and other surrounding retailers so shopping stays relaxing and a lot of driving isn’t needed. Victoria’s Secret in the Beverly Center is in a shopping mall. Reasoning behind the store being placed in the mall across from the elevators in the center is because malls have high amounts of traffic. Another reason why a mall location has its advantages, because malls provide the chance to combine shopping with entertainment, a great place to walk around catch up with friends while getting your shopping done, bringing in large numbers of people a day. Victoria’s Secret in the Beverly Center is a leader in lingerie, with Fredrick’s of Hollywood as their largest competitor is far from this location. Therefore shoppers at the Beverly Center who are looking for affordable lingerie will venture in to Victoria’s Secret. Victoria’s Secret is a multi-channel retailer, from stores, to online, to catalogs. All this was due to Sonia. One night lying in bed I decided I loved her and would do anything for her. I couldnt sleep thinking of her but I didnt care. The next day while taking a short cut coming home from school I saw some wild flowers and picked them for Sonia. I went by her window to give them to her. Oh sweetie, she said, theyre beautiful, and she told me to press my lips to the glass and kissed me. It was warm and wet and I held my lips there for a long time not wanting it to end. You better take off sweetie, she said I dont want to get into trouble. When I got home mother was more smothering than usual. I dont know whats gotten into you lately, she said. You look like youre in another world. Are you taking drugs? Because if I find out your taking drugs I will not let you leave the house. You will not have any privileges. Im going to arrange to have you drug-tested, Im calling the consoler at school. And to think of all Ive done and this is how you pay me back. Dont you roll your eyes at me. After that I laid in bed and thought of Sonia, how Id like to take her far far away, where itd just be me and her and we could just hold each other and talk. The next day when I went to see Sonia she told me to come closer to the window; she told me to put my ear against the glass, she didnt want anyone else to hear what she was about to say. Listen sweetie, she whispered, are you serious about me? I nodded. I dont mean like little boy puppy love stuff, I mean do you love me? I nodded again more emphatically. Look I cant stand another night of sitting in this window or Ill go nuts. Howd you like to bust me out of here and take me somewhere far, far away? Itll be just you and me. My heart almost burst out of my chest. Funny thing was because Id fantasied about going away with her and I already had a plan. I told Sonia Id be back that night. After mother fell asleep I tiptoed into her room and fumbled around for her car keys and twelve hundred in cash that she kept stashed in her drawer. When I pulled up to Victorias Secret, Sonia was awake. The street was eerily quiet. I threw a brick through the window, which triggered the alarm. I climbed in and scooped Sonia up and put her in the car. It was difficult getting her in the front seat, I had to bend her legs, she couldnt move them because they were stuck in the same position for so long. Step on it she said, the cops will be here any minute. I got on the freeway and headed south. Even though it was drizzling it was smooth sailing. I knew youd come through for me, youre my man-child, Sonia said. I gave her a quick kiss on the lips and held her hand. This was heaven. Sweetie when we settle in for the night Im going to do things to you that you never imagined. Im going to give you the ride of your life. Heaven just got a little better I thought. I saw a Best-Western and pulled off. Sonia told me to check in first, then to come out and get her, she still couldnt walk. The clerk looked at me suspiously. I told him my mom was in the car but she was sick and throwing up. When I pulled out a hundred he gave me the key. I carried Sonia into the room, locked the door and laid her on the bed. I looked at her lacy lingerie, her long legs spread slightly. I couldnt believe she was going to be mine. This was going to be the night of my life. Sonia, your quiet, I said. Dont tell me youre asleep? She didnt answer. I shook her but she didnt say anything, oddly her skin felt like plastic. I tried to wake her with a kiss but they tasted like plastic too. I feel asleep and when I came to she still wouldnt wake up. I started screaming at her. I needed her but she just lay there like a dummy. She didnt seem like a real person. Sonia, I yelled, you cant treat me like this. You promised me, that if I got you out youd be with me, you said I was your sweet man-child. I couldnt control myself. I yelled louder, you just used me, you bitch. Then I heard a key opening the door. It was the motel manager with the cops. They pinned me down and took me away. Mother had me committed. The consolers give me medication and a lot of therapy. They say I have to get back into reality. But they dont know that Sonia is the cause of all my problems. She just used me.

Using the Spanish Preposition Por

Using the Spanish Preposition Por Por is one of the most useful and common prepositions in Spanish, but it can also be one of the most confusing to English speakers. That is because it is sometimes translated as for, as is the preposition para, and they are very seldom interchangeable. As a beginner, it is probably best to learn the two prepositions separately and to think of por as a preposition that usually indicates cause or motive, rather than simply as a translation for for. (It also often means by, but it isnt the only Spanish preposition translated that way.) So in the examples of por usage that are given below, a translation (sometimes awkward) using a word or phrase other than for is given, in addition to a translation using for (where appropriate). By learning how por is used rather than how it is usually translated, you will find it easier to learn in the long run. Por To Indicate Cause or Reason In these usages, por can often be translated as because of.  ¿Por quà ©? (Why? Because of what? For what?)Trabajo aquà ­ por el dinero. (I work here because of the money. I work here for the money.)No podemos salir por la lluvia. (We cannot leave because of the rain. We cannot leave due to the rain.)Conseguà ­ el empleo por mi padre. (I got the job because of my father. I got the job through my father.)La asistencia en desempleo por causa de desastre es un programa financiado por el gobierno federal. (Disaster unemployment insurance is a program financed by the federal government. Unemployment insurance for disasters is a program financed by the federal government.) Por as an Indication of Support Por is often used this in discussion of political races and issues. Voto por Julia Gonzles. (I am voting for Julia Gonzales. I am voting in support of Julia Gonzales.)Es socio de Mà ©dicos Por Justicia. (He is a member of Doctors for Justice. He is a member of Doctors Supporting Justice.)Mi padre est por no violencia. (My father is for nonviolence. My father is a supporter of nonviolence.)Es el representante por el estado de Nueva York. (Hes the representative for the state of New York. Hes the representative on behalf of the state of New York.) Por To Indicate an Exchange One common use of this type is telling how much something cost. Comprà © el coche por $10.000 dà ³lares.(I bought the car for $10,000. I bought the car in exchange for $10,000.)Gracias por la comida. (Thanks for the meal.)Quisiera cambiar la camisa por una nueva. (Id like to exchange the shirt for a new one.)Hago cualquiera cosa por una sonrisa. (I do anything for a smile.) Por To Indicate Placement In such uses, por doesnt indicate a destination, but rather proximity or location. It is often translated as by or through. Pasaremos por San Francisco. (We will pass through San Francisco.)La escuela no est por aquà ­. (The school isnt near here.)Caminar por la montaà ±a es una actividad de alto desgaste. Hiking through the mountains is a high-fatigue activity.) Por Meaning Per Por is a cognate of the English per In informal contexts, a English translation of for is common. El tres por ciento tiene dos coches. (Three percent have two cars.)Comprà © dos regalos por persona. (I bought two gifts per person. I bought two gifts for each person.)Trabajo 40 horas por semana. (I work 40 hours per week. I work 40 hours a week.) Por Meaning By Por is usually translated as by when it points to someone performing an action. Common uses are indicating the author of a book or other work, or indicating the performer of a passive verb. Fue escrito por William Shakespeare. (It was written by William Shakespeare.)Los tacos fueron comidos por los estudiantes. (The tacos were eaten by the students.)Prefiero el libro por Isaac Asimov. (I prefer the book by Isaac Asimov.)Puedo leer por mà ­ mismo. (I can read all by myself.) Por in Set Phrases Many fixed phrases using por are commonly used as adverbs. The meaning of such phrases isnt always obvious by translating the words individually. por causa de (because of)por cierto (by the way)por el contrario (on the contrary)por lo general (generally)por supuesto (of course)por otra parte (on the other hand)por fin (finally)por lo menos (at least)

The Importance of Warming Up Prior To Playing Golf Essay - 1

The Importance of Warming Up Prior To Playing Golf - Essay Example When observing the game of golf one has to wonder what preparation and strategy take place prior to one actually stepping onto the course to play. To the eye of an observer, golfers tend to appear to approach the sport with a calm aloofness and confidence. Even with this restrained countenance, there is certainly a set of masterful skills at work as well as preparation to take on a game that requires an inordinate amount of focus for success. Strategic preparation and pre-game warm up contribute to this confidence. Though the game of golf appears a relaxed and laid back sport it also in its own right can be intense, requiring great focus, physical endurance, and excellent visualization skills. So it is one must know what to do to prepare physically to garner this focus and perform at peak performance on the course while avoiding injury.Warming up prior to a game of golf not only enhances flexibility, it prevents injury and improves one's’ game. By warming up ones’ body otherwise tight muscles are stretched and lengthened decreasing the chance of pulling and straining while allowing for optimum performance during ones’ swing. In today’s society, golfers range in ages from teens up to seniors. Certainly, as we age our flexibility decreases and our bone structure changes creating greater challenges physically. Age does not necessarily have to be a detriment to one’s game. It is the approach and preparation that must change. One must treat the body as a finely tuned instrument.

Why did the social war between Rome and her Italian allies break out Essay

Why did the social war between Rome and her Italian allies break out in 90 BC - Essay Example The crisis eventually culminated into a social war in 90 BC. It is called the social war because it was between Rome and its allies. According to Salmon (1958), the social war between Rome and her Italian allies was waged between 91 and 88 BC; it was mainly between several cities in Italy and the Roman Republic (162). Before the war, the Italian cities had been Roman allies for many centuries. Fundamentally, the ancient Rome’s Italian allies who were against the Roman franchise had waged the war. Previously, the allies in southern and central Italy had fought with Rome in various wars and therefore they had grown restive under the autocratic rule in Rome. Their allies were interested in gaining the Roman citizenship and the privileges that come along with it (Ogilvie, 1980, 18). In 91 BC, in a bid to pursue this interest, Marcus Drusus, the Roman tribune, attempted to solve this problem through a legislation proposal that would have ensured that all Italians are admitted to citizenship. This proposal led to a furious debate in the Senate; those opposed to it were so bitter that they assassinated Drusus. As a result, the Italian allies were frustrated and rose into revolt (Brunt 1971, 13). It is important to first understand the situation between Rome and Italian alliances prior to the war. Gabba (1976) observes that the Early Italian campaigns of between 458 and 396 BC saw the conquest of Italy by the Romans thus resulting into a collection of alliances between the Italian communities, cities, and Rome. The alliances collection was on favourable terms influenced by whether a certain city had been defeated in war or if its alliance with Rome was voluntary. Theoretically, these cities were independent but in practice, Rome had authority over them as it had the right the right to demand tribute money from them, and their desirable number of soldiers. Two centuries later, two- thirds of Roman soldiers were from the Italian allies. This meant that

Painful vs. Painless Cost Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Painful vs. Painless Cost Control - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that Ã' ost control acquires numerous dissimilar approaches and outlines, which rely on the fundamental basis for dropping everyday expenditure, outflow, costs and disbursements. In order to safeguard self as well as the business, small-business holders, specifically, seek for cost control quantifications that facilitate equally, progress and sustainable business challenges. Despite the zone of expenses, trades should arrange for scheming their prices, the jeopardy towards excruciating cost control.   Painless cost control serves as a substitute of cutting down the prices in a trouble-free, flawless manner. The divergence between painful and painless cost control is that painful diminutions harmfully influence processes on the other hand, painless cost control comprises the slightest pressure on the enterprise and its prospects. Spontaneous or impulsive decisiveness to slash prices are by no means astute, since these verdicts probably cu lminate into meager options, inferior quality of goods and services, such decisions may result in assigning the job to unskilled person who may finish the work in an unprofessional manner, such an attitude not only hampers the quality of the output but also results in generating negative implication on the image of the organization. Essentially, controlling costs necessitates extensive and significant examinations and preparations. Painless vs. painful cost control is highly challenging and onsets with the development of enduring stratagem and producing the efficient strides to attain the objectives of the organization. In health care, where direct dealing is with the health and well being of the people, cost control matters usually encompass thorough planning for their implementation or reformation (Painful Vs Painless Cost Control). Observation Observation enables the authorities to analyze discrepancies associated with the small business, as these strides cannot be ignored. Varia nce or discrepancies is directly related to the diversity between the business planned to expend vs. the concrete expenses of the company (Painful Vs Painless Cost Control). Health care sector is considered as the recession-proof (Manchikanti, Singh and Bosewell, 2010). For example, the requirement of assistance and nursing staff at the surgical ward is 30 which may vary with the consultation clinic. As the health care organization operates centrally, in terms of painless cost control, staff could be provided to both the departments with minimum wages or the wages of the new recruitment could be reduced so as to keep the budget of the reformation and recruitment low and also to get hands on work. This holds true in a situation where population is large and vacancies are less. On the contrary, in terms of painful cost control, there could be no new recruitment to save expenses of extra wages. However, under such a situation it becomes difficult for the existing staff to provide their services to meet the demand of the situation. When the number of patients is less the staff will be in a position to manage well but if the number of patients are more the staff will feel fatigue to meet all the demands of the patients and this may result in exhaustion of the existing staff, thereby quality of performance of the existing staff is affected. Cause For smooth running of the business organizations, it becomes essential to ascertain the causes of divergence between the estimated expenses and the actual expenses. In health sector, use of paper, charges a burden on the organization besides purchasing instruments which are necessary to provide the health care with the upgraded technology (Painful Vs Painless Cost Control). Patient's reports and files are required to be maintained and therefore when such health organizations construct their budgets, they rely on the total cost for paper. The health care organizations put the bid by means of bulk pricing, this results in get ting lower costs per unit as compared to the cost

Zara case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Zara case study - Essay Example erstanding the competitive environment is one of the most useful tools which help in determining the importance of activities taking place in organisation (Mclvor, 2005, p.122). Every organisation makes use of the competitive force to determine the activities. The competitive force also termed as Porters five forces constitute of bargaining power of suppliers, customers, threat of substitutes, threat of new entrant and rivalry among firms (Henry, 2008, p. 80). Bargaining power of supplier: The apparel industry usually has their own suppliers and as result they do not have to depend on external suppliers. In addition there are lot many suppliers available in the apparel industry making the bargaining power low. Also it is not possible for a given supplier to dominate the apparel industry which tends to negatively affect the suppliers power (Data Monitor, 2010, p.16). In case of Zara, the brand gets about 50% of its raw materials from Inditex group and so it does not depend heavily on the external suppliers. Zara however reduces the supplier’s power by working together with the vendors and implementing in the process to make the manufacturing process effective and cost cutting. Therefore maintaining good relationship with its vendors has also helped Zara to lower the power and tilt the games in favour of Zara. Bargaining power of Buyer: buyers are the individual consumers and his fact weakens the negotiation power of the buyer. Retailers differentiate themselves through different style and offers which is being offered by each brands. However in cases where the retailers cannot go for forward integration and as a result the retailers are obliged to offer the consumers with what they demands, strengthening the power of buyers. But in overall case the power remains from moderate to high (Data Monitor, 2010, p.15). The buyer’s power for Zara can be said to be moderate as the consumers are ready to pay a high price for its products. Threat of Substitutes: Garments

Extra paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Extra paper - Essay Example In the order to achieve the overall objective, an organization needs to consider the needs and demand based on the preference level of an individual. In the context of an organization, motivational factors play very crucial role for not only encouraging the employee towards the respective job role, but also for the end customer by satisfying their ultimate demands. Additionally, prior consideration of motivation will assist an organization in improving overall performance. Moreover, emphasizing motivational factors of different stakeholders, an organization can strengthen its position through higher level of growth in revenue (Jerome, 2013). In this regard, the essay intends to address the role of advertisement in motivating the probable customer and improving organizational performance. Moreover, the essay attempts to define the theory advocated by Maslow i.e. need hierarchy theory with the specific advertising artifact of Harley Davidson. In the contemporary era of the bossiness environment, persuasion of the people is highly important as well as critical factor for businesses to conduct operations by satisfying their needs and business sustainability. Additionally, based on the Maslow need higher hierarchy theory, individuals are identified to be attracted towards products and/or services offered by companies that are able to meet their satisfaction level needs. Thus, the power of persuasion plays an important role for a company to influence the beliefs, intentions, motivations, attitudes as well as behaviors of customers. In this regard, business organization has significantly noticed that advertisement should be an effective mean of changing the persuasion level of the people in a determined way. For instance, an individual having a need of a particular mode of transportation to be in time at office,

Zara case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Zara case study - Essay Example erstanding the competitive environment is one of the most useful tools which help in determining the importance of activities taking place in organisation (Mclvor, 2005, p.122). Every organisation makes use of the competitive force to determine the activities. The competitive force also termed as Porters five forces constitute of bargaining power of suppliers, customers, threat of substitutes, threat of new entrant and rivalry among firms (Henry, 2008, p. 80). Bargaining power of supplier: The apparel industry usually has their own suppliers and as result they do not have to depend on external suppliers. In addition there are lot many suppliers available in the apparel industry making the bargaining power low. Also it is not possible for a given supplier to dominate the apparel industry which tends to negatively affect the suppliers power (Data Monitor, 2010, p.16). In case of Zara, the brand gets about 50% of its raw materials from Inditex group and so it does not depend heavily on the external suppliers. Zara however reduces the supplier’s power by working together with the vendors and implementing in the process to make the manufacturing process effective and cost cutting. Therefore maintaining good relationship with its vendors has also helped Zara to lower the power and tilt the games in favour of Zara. Bargaining power of Buyer: buyers are the individual consumers and his fact weakens the negotiation power of the buyer. Retailers differentiate themselves through different style and offers which is being offered by each brands. However in cases where the retailers cannot go for forward integration and as a result the retailers are obliged to offer the consumers with what they demands, strengthening the power of buyers. But in overall case the power remains from moderate to high (Data Monitor, 2010, p.15). The buyer’s power for Zara can be said to be moderate as the consumers are ready to pay a high price for its products. Threat of Substitutes: Garments

Crisis analysis- major assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Crisis analysis- major assessment - Essay Example There are important areas that have been focused on this subject. Knowing the informational content is a vital responsibility for any crisis communication. Informational content basses on the following principles; what do the authorities know concerning the crisis? What is it that they want people to consent? And how are they going to deliver the information to the people accordingly?. Media also is another based area of concern. The primary task that the management ask themselves is that how will they get their content from them into the minds of the public. Another based field is the assessment of the audience. From the study of the past years, it reveals that a successful progress in crisis communication has been a sector that is growing bearing in mind that not all people are intelligent (Jaques 2007). Due to variations in knowledge, values, and emotions, it gives the assessors very tough time in giving out the information. Basing on what, do they need to reach the people, what they have in their mind already and the effect that will arise the moment they are told about the crisis? Involving the audience also is another aspect that needs to be put into concern. Targeting a deliverable communication at the two-way end and the mode that they need to keep immediate audience active is their worry. Self-assessment gives self-examination on the effect of values, emotions, and political problems relating to crisis management (Coombs 2009). From the definition approaches, there have not been good levels of agreement that demonstrate critically what is a crisis and what the issue is in management. Many writers have analyzed problem management, and it was found to lack clarity. Crisis, on the other hand, has been hard to be defined indecently without the placement of crisis management. The illustration of this by individual scholars shows a thesis that identify a frequent

Free

Freedom of speech Essay The phrase â€Å"freedom of speech† refers to an individual’s right to speak freely, or to express oneself without suppression from the others. In addition, the freedom of speech may refer to a person’s ability to seek, impart, or receive information without influences that may limit the freedom. People can express their opinion or views through the right of freedom to speech. This right is recognized by many nations’ governments, as well as both international and regional human rights organizations. For instance, the United States government protects the peoples’ right of freedom to speech through the First Amendment, which is found in the constitution. The freedom of speech though a right has and can be abused if it’s not limited, and the need to prevent the freedom of speech abuse has made it necessary for governments to put into place some limitations to this right. These limitations are adopted so that cases of abuse through speech such as obscenity and use of insults are curbed. All over the world, the abuse of the freedom of speech has become a common phenomenon. The right to freedom of speech can be dangerous when abused (Andrew, 2005, p. 65). Discussion The freedom of speech can become abused when it’s used to create conflicts, disagreements, and in some cases war. Speech involves the use of words and phrases to express one’s opinion about an issue. These phrases or words can be used to express feelings of hatred, dislike, and dissatisfaction. As human beings, it is very natural for us to go through tragic and painful experiences . These experiences may trigger feelings of hatred and dislike towards those we may perceive as having contributed to our misfortunes. For example, unfair treatment of a person by the others may create negative feelings towards the others. These feelings can be expressed by our actions, deeds, or speech. When negative feelings are expressed through speech, they may lead to the abuse of the freedom . A good example is the use of insults or inappropriate language towards other people. The words that may be used in speech can be insensitive and are most likely to violate the rights of the other people. This no doubt proves that freedom of speech can be used to abuse freedom. It is every person’s right to be respected, and the use of abusive language against a person should not be tolerated. However, many individuals and human rights activists advocate for freedom of speech without any limitations. It is a fact that the use of speech is one of the best ways through which people can express how they feel, as well as their views about different issues (Lee, 1988, p. 24). But the question that we need to ask ourselves is, to what extent should the freedom of speech be allowed? The human nature triggers people to exploit opportunities for their own benefits, which make them abuse the right to speech for their selfish needs. So many conflicts, disagreements, and wars emanate from the abuse of the freedom of speech. The use of feelings and emotions that promote hatred triggers conflicts, which have resulted to loss of human life or injuries. The individuals or a group of people that is insulted tends to retaliate the attacks . It is no wonder then that a single instance of abuse leads to many more successive cases of abuse. Another way through which the freedom of speech can be abused is by suppressing the freedom to speak in other people so that they do not express themselves as they would desire. This occurs when speech is used to manipulate people, or to make them submit to the selfish desires of one person. Such cases of abuse are often experienced in the political world. Individuals or groups may use speech to manipulate and threaten people, so that they do not interfere with their political interests. The people are prevented from making independent decisions through threatening statements. Since we all belong to a certain political system in our respective nations, we are likely to experience political influences. Democracy has nowadays become a common feature in the political systems. This has given the citizens the right to speak freely about the political evils and illegal actions that may exist in the society (Sunstein, 1995, p 63). This is a positive way of using the freedom of speech. However, it becomes tragic when the same right is used to suppress the rights of the others. The people are coerced not to use their freedom to speech, since it’s considered to threaten some selfish needs. The freedom of speech is also abused when people speak to defy the social morals and ethics. For instance, the use of obscene language goes against many societies’ ethics and morals. The modern technology through the Internet is one of the communication channels that people use to exploit the freedom of speech for the wrong reasons. The Internet is currently causing devastating effects on the morals and ethics of the societies. Through this form of communication, the right to speak is being abused through inappropriate use of language, with the websites giving the people an opportunity to exploit the freedom of speech for the wrong reasons. There is no argument that the internet is of great benefits to the people. However, it is being used by the people to offend and to promote hatred against the others. The freedom to speak freely has its merits and demerits. This right to speech is abused through dishonesty. For many of us, we cannot count the number of times that we have used this right to give misleading or false information as a way of protecting our selfish interests. When this information is received by the others, it creates room for more abuse. Any action or deed that goes against the virtues and the ethics of the society can be termed as abuse of the human rights, freedom of speech included. The present day business world is very competitive, and all business enterprises are now capitalizing on marketing their products for maximum returns. Through advertising, many corporate bodies use false information to woo consumers, a situation that represents the abuse of freedom of speech . The freedom of speech then becomes dangerous when it’s abused. Conclusion The freedom of speech is a human right which allows us to express our feelings and opinion. When properly used, it is of great importance. On the other hand, this right can be abused for various reasons. This becomes very dangerous, a situation that brings out the negative side of free speech in people. In order to prevent this, limitations need to be adopted so that this right is used for the good of the people. Works Cited Andrew, Puddephatt. Freedom of Expression: The essentials of Human Rights, Hodder Arnold, pg. 127, 2005 Lee, Bollinger. The Tolerant Society. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1988 Sunstein, Cass. Democracy and the Problem of Free Speech. Publishing Research Quarterly 11 (4): 58–72, 1995

The Aftermath Of The Scramble For Africa History Essay

The Aftermath Of The Scramble For Africa History Essay Scramble for Africa, an expression used to explain the frantic demanding of African region by half a dozen European countries that happened in most of Africa becoming part of Europes colonial kingdoms. Africa, in the symbolic allegory of royal chauvinism, was a ripe melon awaiting carving in the late nineteenth century. Those who scrambled quick achieved the biggest portions and the legal means to devour at their free time the sweet, juicy flesh. Stragglers grasped only small servings or flavorless sections; Italians, for instance, discovered only sweet dishes on their serving dish. In this crazy instant of royal atavismin Schumpeterian conditions, the aimless temperament to unlimited boundary extensionno one expected that a structure of states was being formed. Colonial rule, considered by its initiators to be eternal, afterward verified to be a sheer intermission in the broader removal of African history; however, the steel gridiron of regional division that colonialism enforced se ems enduring. (Harlow, 2002) Aftermath of scramble of Africa has the mainly significant issue of colonial heritage. It is the compulsory position of departure for breakdown analysis of African international associations. The country systemwhich is, international vectors despite, the basic structural foundation of the worldwide empiresucceeds the colonial division. A few African states have a significant pre-colonial identity (Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt, Ethiopia, Burundi, Rwanda, Madagascar, Swaziland, Lesotho, and Botswana), but nearly all are goods of the aggressive subordination of Africamajority between 1875 and 1900by seven European powers like Great Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Portugal, Italy, and Spain. (Kobia, 2001) The scramble for Africa started with an effort by King Leopold II of Belgium desiring to attain power of the region of the Congo Basin. Pressure occurred between the British and the French, because of the British attaining additional power over Egypt, which was the country they once had combined power over the finances of. France was also contending with Italy in northern Africa, so tensions were tough all over the place. Germany felt stressed by the other European nations who were attaining power over regions on Africa (Neumann, 2002). Bismarck, who happened to be leader at the time, acknowledged power over three regions in eastern and western Africa, which created even more damage between European states. Since the power for African regions occurred very rapidly, the Berlin Conference was arrange to talk about the strategies of demanding realm in Africa to avoid any more harsh competitions. The motives for Scramble in Africa are described extensively as: Capitalists may have seen the light over slavery, but they still wanted to exploit the continent new legitimate trade would be encouraged. Explorers located vast reserves of raw materials, they plotted the course of trade routes, navigated rivers, and identified population centers which could be a market for manufactured goods from Europe. (Boddy-Evans, http://africanhistory.about.com/od/eracolonialism/a/ScrambleWhy.htm) After some adventurers looked deeper into the heart of Africa, the Europeans shortly comprehended how reasonably significant this region was, and how much they could take benefit from it. After the completion of servitude in Africa, Europeans desired to extend their kingdoms for industrialization and business to ensure the movement of supplies and services. Economic, communal, and political atmosphere in Europe produced an awareness of urgency amid viable countries to bet demands in and separation of the Dark Continent. In an attempt to produce some organization throughout the scramble, the Berlin Congress was held and European countries sliced up the African countries like a cake, every country got a piece of the land. The major countries comprised in the colonization of Africa contained France, England, Portugal, Germany, Great Britain and Denmark. Great Britain was the ultimate supremacy on earth at the time, and throughout the Scramble for Africa, it was the British who did most of the grasping. (Robinson, 1961) The five key grounds for the imperialism were supposed to be political, military interests, charitable and religious objectives, ideological, investigative, and finally, but most significantly, economic interests. One case of the monetary interest was the Industrial manufacture. Fabrication was attaining such extreme stages, Europeans concerned about over-production and finding customers for all the supplies in Europe. Their financial system mainly rested on trade, and because colonies could be added as a structure of royal power, it only furthered and extended trade. England had trade accords with nations in Africa sometime before the scramble in progress. These accords were fresh and allowed trade to occur without any disturbance. The responsibility and significance of Africa to England shortly changed because of royal rivalry among countries. Beneath the antagonistic strategies of Bismarck, Germany also deployed to obtain prime positions in Africa. Similarly, France was hoping to strengthen an empire by attaining new control over region and increasing areas of power. All the political forces, such as the rivalry with France, the demand to keep the Suez Canal, and the media well-versed public, forced England toward Africa. England incurred heavy losses from Africa. They lost thousands of soldiers to the combats, in which they were beaten quite a few times before finally adjoining some people who disliked them. (Pinfold, 2007) Besides, they mislaid thousands of dollars managing governments of nations such as Egypt. However Englands involvement di d benefit certain divisions of Africa through the charitable assistance and finally ending the slave trade. The results of the European takeover on Africans were substantial. In the short term, the Scramble noticeably guided to Africans defeat of power of their own relationships. While it also brought huge difficulty to the majority of Africans. In addition to the deaths caused by the victory itself, numerous Africans died as a consequence of disturbed standard of living and activity of people and animals among different diseased surroundings. Africas inhabitants did not initiate to recover from the destruction caused by the Scramble and its aftermath until healthy into the 20th century. In the enduring, the Scramble was component of a larger development of bringing non-Western peoples into the world economyin the majority instances as exporters of agricultural goods or minerals and importers of contrived or processed supplies. Colonial governments levied their African matters and utilized the revenues to advance the colonys infrastructure: building roads, bridges, and ports that associate d remote locales to the outer world. In the meantime, institutions to get better peoples lives, for example hospitals and schools, seemed more gradually. Colonial rule also brought fundamentals of Western culturefrom the French and English languages and Western political models to Coca-Cola and automobiles. It was in response to European regulation that Africans developed an awareness of patriotism that would assist them attain freedom in the mid of the 20th century. Imperialism influenced colonized states in numerous customs particularly economically, politically, and culturally. There were frequently numerous positive and negative results of imperialism on the colonies that were taken over. The civilization and religion of the colonized citizens was frequently destined to attempt to contain the citizen move in the approach of the westerners. In Africa, economically, Africans created very modest profit off of the supplies they produced. All of the assets went to the Europeans. Also, earlier than colonization, Africans traded inside the continent, but this exercise was finished once the westerners became engaged in their associations. So if anything, the colonial era, was one of monetary corruption, rather than economic growth. Colonization in Africa was somewhat beneficial to the African inhabitants. The value of life was enhanced by better infrastructure including hospitals, a sewage structure, and sanitary conveniences and there was also a boost in employment openings. Western discoveries for example, the steam engine and other equipment were introduced to Africa. Christianity and Islam were extended and so was western education. Colonialism created a modification in the social structure of Africans as it permitted mobilization among the categories. Social category was not verified by birth, but by ones achievement independently. Behind all of the optimistic social consequences, there were numerous pessimistic ones. A larger separation was produced among those who lived in urban regions and those in rural regions. Western education had created the barrier among these people even larger. Colonization permitted the wealthy, white Europeans to get the entire fertile and productive lands and also to dominate in trade in Africa. Although there were educational institutions build, they were inefficient in education the poor and needy. There were still very huge illiteracy levels. Also, there was no emphasis on technical or industrial education, which would have been further functional. Racism was prevalent throughout imperialism in Africa and ran rampant for people in the lower echelon of society. ( ) Politically, colonialism in Africa produced a superior level of peace and constancy than there ever was before. There were specific limitations in Africa, which was an excellent call in conditions of organization. There was also an established patriotism that extended all over the continent. On the other hand, a lot of the political modifications were negative. Because of limitations constructed by the westerners, numerous cultural and religious groups were ragged separately, which influenced the existences of the citizens on an individual level and formed numerous arguments (Kerr-Ritchie, 2007). The borders also did not make certain that natural resources were dispersed evenly, which would act as a difficulty since the economy of Africans was reliant on what they could collect from their ground. Africans lost their freedom and were fundamentally governed by the white colonial leaders, who also possessed approximately all of their property. For a long time, the people of Africa had l ost their right of autonomy. The significance of the colonial history in shaping modern African worldwide associations is thus ahead of argument. At the same time, the colonial system acted-paradoxically as a pessimistic point of allusion for the African performance of states. The authenticity of the first generation of African governments was rooted in the governments successby take-over or negotiationof self-government. The two superior united main beliefs of the pan-African action from its beginning have been resistance to both colonialism and racism, problems that were amalgamated on the African continent. The autonomous states that accumulated to generate the OAU in 1963 were separated on numerous questions of philosophy and understanding of objectivity; a convention behind the battle to complete the freedom of Africa from colonial occupation and governments of white racial supremacy. Within their own local area, self-governing states faced an obligation to separate themselves from their colonial history, t o render noticeable the new position. The superficial representative trappings of independenceflags and postage stampsmight help for an instance. Africanization of the situation apparatus might assist as well, though over time, the awareness could take place that the actual benefits of this transform accumulated above all to state employees. (Schneider, 2009) The obligation for separation from the colonial history was forced by mental as well as political and economic aspects. Mainly in sub-Saharan Africa, the colonial period brought a broad-front physical attack upon African culture that was far inclusive than alike practices in the Middle East and Asia. The colonial state of affairs, to borrow Georges Balandiers suggestive notion, was drenched with racism. (Carton, 2003) African culture was, for nearly all part, regarded as containing little worth, and its religious aspectouter the sectors in which Islam was well implantedwas aimed to pulling up through exhaustive Christian evangelical exertions, which were frequently state-supported. European languages displaced native ones for the majority of states; for the colonial matter, communal flexibility, obligatory mastering the idiom of the colonizer. In countless customs, colonial suppression in Africa brought not only political domination and economic utilization but also deep mental disgr ace. In the nationalist reply to colonialism, psychological subjects are widespread to a level exclusive in Third World anti-imperialist consideration. Frantz Fanon, the Martinique analyst who provided so influential a voice to the Algerian rebellion, was only the most expressive such spokesperson. Such policies as negritude and African personality were central elements in nationalist consideration, declaring the legitimacy and worth of African culture. This aspect of African nationalism gave a particular touching rim to the postcolonial mission for separation, as well as to the passion of African state response to racism and colonialism. A last heritage of the colonial system is the sequence of local disasters it has left in its wake, mainly in southern Africa and the Horn. In southern Africa, the basis of disagreement can be finally traced to the disastrous British fault of conveying authority to a solely white government in South Africa in 1910. Royal security calculus at the instance focused solely upon the associations among the English and Afrikaner communities. Practically the only dispensation to African interests was the preservation of colonial dominance over the Basutoland, Bechuanaland, and Swaziland protectorates. The terms of the Act of Union ultimately led to apartheid in South Africa. The year prior to the policy of paramount of local interests was announced for Kenya in 1924, Great Britain approved complete domestic autonomy to the white settlers in Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), a mistake that led to an expensive freedom war, prior to self-government stand upon equivalent rights for all Zimbabwean s was succeeded in 1980 (Cochran, 2000). When the moment of decolonization sounded somewhere else in Africa, South Africa, Rhodesia, and the Portuguese were in a situation to build a hard redoubt of white power, which left the subjugated no other options than the inert approval of enduring utilization or armed rebellion. The Scramble and its aftermath held huge sarcasm. While the take-over was going on, proceedings in Africa were of the utmost meaning in all over Europe. European rivalry for African area dominated captions, brought down governments, and approximately moved countries to war. For Europeans, the Scramble for Africa helped arrange the stage for World War I. Rivalry for African land boosted nationalist feelings and created pretentious awareness among Europeans that war was good for national character and not so taxing on financial plans and labour force. World War I quickly demolished these fantasies. Yet for Africa once the take-over was complete, Africa was mainly forgotten about and not acknowledged again until the movement for African freedom of the 1950s and 1960s. Thus, in different customs, the colonial heritage encroaches into post freedom African worldwide associations. More than half a century subsequent to the huge rush to freedom in 1960, the remnants of colonial shade still r emain. The intensity of the financial disaster and a broadening agreement that regional assimilation, which overpasses the old colonial separations is crucial to conquering them might guide to novelties in the state system that will start to rise above the colonial separation. The conclusion of apartheid in South Africa has shown hope of bringing harmony to a beleaguered area and authorizes movement beyond the harsh remainders of the colonial state of affairs. Even so, colonial inheritance at present continues to strongly form the African worldwide system.

Psych. Essays :: essays research papers

ESSAY QUESTIONS 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If I were to design a study to examine the effects of taking an online course, I would do a case study. I would find a subject and record their behavioral patterns during attendance at a university. I would observe course load, study habits, length of study time, quality of assignments and overall grades. I would then do the same with an online course, studying the same patterns and behaviors. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Life is good. I am doing one of the activities that I most enjoy. I am taking a nice long walk in the woods. All of the sudden, a HUGE bear appears out of nowhere. This scary creature is standing 10 feet in front of me. He stops, glances at me as if debating whether to come close to me or not, and continues on. I should feel better with his departure. But fear has already taken hold. It must be some kind of spinal reflex. My sensory nerves kick in. They see the scary bear, and send the message of fear to my spinal cord, where they are then transmitted to my brain. Next, my motor nerves carry orders to my muscles, glands and other internal organs to actually react to what my sensory nerves say. This all happens in a matter of seconds†¦..and I flee, to scared to even look back. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to Wade and Tarvis (Pg. 17-19) Psychology has five major theoretical perspectives that each makes their own altruistic contributions to psychology. The biological perspective, which studies the biological explanations of motivation, personality, social interaction, memory and psychological disorders. This approach is important in helping us understand the biological explanations of psychology. The learning perspective stresses that people are unique and complex organisms and that each person is affected by their environments and experiences. The learning approach is elemental in helping us understand the fields of personality, psychotherapy and motivation. The third theoretical perspective, or approach, is the psychodynamic approach, which was greatly influenced by the works of Sigmund Freud. It emphasizes unconscious motivation and the influence of sexual and aggressive drive on behavior. It also impacts the fields of understanding personality and psy chological disorders. Cognitive psychology is the approach that inclides the study of mental process, such as thinking, perception, memory and problem solving. Cognitive psychology is very important because it influences virtually every field of psychology. The fifth perspective is the sociocultural approach, which emphasizes the importance of culture, gender and ethnicity in understanding how we think, feel and act.

Planning, Organising, Learning and Controlling Essay

Stahl is a global market leader in chemicals for the leather industry. Today, Stahl operates 8 manufacturing sites and 30 strategically located technical service laboratories around the globe including here in Singapore (www.stahl.com). The role I posses is hybrid in nature where I am not only accountable for sales targets of certain South East Asia countries but also oversee the development of higher quality and more economical products to our current product range. As a Technical Advisor in Stahl, I am considered to be a Front-Line Manager (Bartol, Tein, Matthews, Sharma, Scott-Laden, 2011, p. 13). The problems we faced are that our customers are complaining that our prices are too expensive as they are able to source for cheaper and yet, better products from our competitors. Basing on my customer interactions and company reports (Stahl Asia SEA Analytical & Market Report 2012, p.15-36); we have lost as much as 20% of our business to our competitors over the last 12 months. We had to change something to how we manage our business, to be competitive and still maintain our position and profit. Bartol et al (2011, p. 72) has explained, like any other company in the world, Stahl is surrounded by 2 external environments. They are the General or Mega-Environment where many companies have limitations in changing or altering it directly. As Davidson, Simon, Woods, Griffin (2009, p.150) points out, the impact of the environment are often vague, imprecise and long term. Thus many organisations majorly tend to focus on the Task or Specific Environment where managers can identify the environmental factor of interest to their company and influence it to their advantage. Stahl has mainly the Competitor, Customer or Supplier to contend within our specific environment but Supplier was chosen, as this was the main element that was causing our market share to be lost. This essay will explore how the Supplier has impacted the way I Plan, Organise, Lead and Control within my organisation. Both Bartol et al (2011, p. 77) and Davidson et al (2009, p. 152) have defined that suppliers are companies or organisations that provide resources such as raw materials, products or services for their day-to-day operations. This element specifically impacts my organisation because we were having too many suppliers that gave huge variances in quality in the raw materials acquired. Sudden surges in production also meant that costs went up due to expensive airfreight charges to facilitate our production. This often meant that part of the costs was often passed on to the customer who is already unhappy about paying more for our expensive product. Something had to change. Even though I am not involved with higher management and their strategies, it was through the company meeting reports (Stahl Asia Review & Actions 2013) and interaction with my immediate manager that I understand we have reduced from 10 to 2 suppliers. This streamline is vital as they can commit to the price we want as we are able to buy in bulk on a regular basis. The quality supplied can be assured as our raw material comes from a reliable source. Furthermore, our supplier is willing to keep a certain amount of raw material in their warehouse should our production decides to surge, at no extra costs. With all this planning in action, this allows us to price our products competitively without harming our profit margin. This in turn in the long run it will enable us to not only regain back our market share but also expand it. The supplier’s element has impacted my job from a Planning, Organising, Leading and Controlling perspective in the following ways. Planning as pointed out by Davidson et al (2009, p. 13) is the setting of the company’s goals and deciding the best way to achieve them. Being a First-Line Manager (Bartol et al, 2011, p. 13) meant that I am not involved with the higher planning of strategies but was advised on it through my immediate manager. It meant that I had to understand the goals of the company which was to develop new products using the raw materials from our 2 suppliers. Organising according to Campling et al (2008, p. 20) is the importance of assigning tasks, resource allocation and the arranging coordinated individuals and groups to execute plan laid out by the management. My manager has assigned the Quality Control (QC) and the Reseach & Development (R&D) teams to support me in achieving our goal of producing a new product with our supplier. Davidson et al (2009, p. 6) mentions that Leading is a management function that motivates & influences others through means of communication and managing groups of people. The daily work interaction with the QC and R&D teams allows me to exercise another set of management skills known as Human Skills (Bartol et al 2011, p.12) that enables me to motivate my team to the required levels of change. With this it also meant I inherently took up the role as what Mintzberg (1980) defines as a leader. Bartol et al (2011, p. 6) explains that managers must take initiative to set and compare standards and if necessary, take corrective action. Thus in Controlling, Davidson et al (2009, p. 14) states that it’s the final management process whereby the company monitors its progress towards its goals. Even though my developed product maybe finalized and have met the standards set by us. I still had to have the product tested by my customer in order to ascertain if it’s acceptable for them. In conclusion, by understanding the problems we faced in losing our business, my company reacted by changing one of the Specific Environments that has the most effect to us, the Supplier. It was the one that we could best change and improve our situation. Hence this change has led me to Plan, Organise, Lead and Control within my organization and as I was a First-Line Manager, I found myself leading most of the times to achieve our company goals.

Formation of National Bank Essay

            In American history, banks are among the oldest business structure and one of the largest, oldest and important industries. The structure of the bank is in a way that is accessible to each citizen although banks and banking seems to work mysterious. The bank serves economic functions in operating a payment system although modern economy is boosted with an efficient payment system in swiping cards, atm. The establishment of the National Bank from Hamilton efforts to start fight for the needs and what would help the country to create free enterprise opportunity. The authority bill advocates the start of National Bank in American.            Alexander Hamilton is the sole proprietor of national bank. Being the secretary of treasury, Hamilton has suggested benefits the country would have from the national bank comparing it with the banks of England. He wanted a national bank to be created where the federal government could achieve their appropriate goals, keeping their money and insuring their properties. He was convinced that the tenth amendment was the appropriate mean and a proper constitution in specified albeit. On the contrary, Jefferson vehemently opposed Hamilton contributions on the matters of financial policy as the tenth amendment interpretation of the on the policies (Sylla, Wright & Cowen, 2009). Jefferson argues constitutionally that the Federal government has no authority to give any bank a go forward document. Nonetheless after the world war era Washington adopted Hamilton ideas and gave the first National bank 20 years charter in 1791 (Rhoades, 2010). Alexander Hamilton organized a move ment advocating the creation of a central bank due to financial constraint after the end war.            The bank plays an important part in entrepreneurship in to the republicans; bank has played a crucial part in storing money stock for the country. The bank makes legal tender by holding obligated reserves in exchange request. The National bank offers financial intermediation in investing money we deposit by lending it to business enterprises and households they want to credit. The world is becoming competitive and small businesses rise have done well. The banks today copies Hamilton evolution of National bank. Banks creates profit with the stockholders by charging debtors more for loans than they pay those who deposit the money. The entrepreneurial spirit is very stable and stronger today in academic recognition and entrepreneur and economic crisis (Ciobotaru, 2013). This creates opportunities for the Native American to feel free to get loan giving them the ability to start business for themselves. They offer loan with small interest, which they pay regularly.          It provides intermediate functions of the bank as it finance many generation of entrepreneurs and other business builds American economy. Moreover, the bank plays a common role in the society. It acts as the power point of all evolving enterprise in America business firms for strengthening capital regulation and official regulation agencies. In addition, private banks also serve as a monitor in provision of information with collaboration with the National bank. Conclusion            In fact, Hamilton contribution to evolution of National bank has inspired many in life. He had focused in the future and saw the need of banks to provoke the spirit of entrepreneurs in young generation. Through financing the community, banks have benefited from the interests from the debtors making it to flourish in business and country economic development. We should embrace these ideas of bank to benefit from its resources. Reference Ciobotaru, A. (2013). Entrepreneurial education as a society project. An essay on the conceptualization of the spirit of initiative and entrepreneurship in educational field. Review Of Economic Studies & Research Virgil Madgearu,  6(1), 41-76. Rhoades, S. A. (2010).  Bank mergers and banking structure in the United States, 1980-98. Diane Publishing. Sylla, R., Wright, R. E., & Cowen, D. J. (2009). Alexander Hamilton, central banker: crisis management during the US financial panic of 1792.  Business History Review,  83(01), 61-86. Source document

Abstract and Executive Overview of Y2K

What is the Y2K issue? This paper will describe the problems associated with Y2K and how Industry, Government, and Small Businesses are handling the problem. The first chapter introduces the Y2K issues. Chapter 2 will define how this affects the different businesses and Government agencies. Chapter 3 will develop an overall plan on how to attack the problem and recommendations. The majority of this paper will develop a plan on how each of the businesses and Government agencies should attack the Y2K problems. There should be a logical approach to planning how to investigate, test, validate, and if required, develop a contingency plan for Y2K. The job is to either form a team of personnel or hire a consulting firm to assess your situation. The team should employ the following steps: assess the system, renovate the system if necessary, validate the renovation if necessary, implement the renovation if necessary, test the renovation if necessary, and finally have a contingency plan in the event that renovating the system is not feasible and/or is too late. The only necessary or required action is to assess the system. This will be discussed in detail in my paper. The real issue is that less than a year remains before the year 2000 problems are here. The recommendation is to begin working this issue now. It may be too late, but that is when the contingency plan comes in handy. 2. What impacts are they†re to Government, Industry, and Small Business? 3. What can Government, Industry, and Small Business Do to Combat the Y2K Issues? There are actually more dates than just the year 2000 date. There are dates that can impact the leap year algorithms; Julian dates, fiscal year dates, calendar dates, and ASCII code dates. The top dates that need to be checked are: 1. 9 September 1999. This date can be read in code as 9999. In computer language, specifically ASCII code, this translates into a request for the processor to stop processing. 2. 1 October 1999. This is the start of the new Fiscal year for the Government (FY00). The algorithm for this may not be able to go from FY99 to FY00. 3. 31 December 1999. At midnight, the date rolls over to 1 January 2000. This problem can exist in two areas. The first is in the BIOS†s that exist for most desktop machines. The BIOS†s normally contain the clock and date data. The operator updates this data, when the system is first turned on and is continuously updated by the computer from then on. The problem is that older versions of BIO software recorded the date in two year digits (99, instead of 1999) so that once the date rolls into the year 2000, the BIOS†s can not understand the rolling of the year and moves it back to 14 Jan 80, the default year date. The other problem is in the application software that uses the two-year date. The application software uses algorithms to roll over the dates and can not roll to the year 2000 date. It normally has to be manually input to get to the new date. 4. 28 February 2000. At midnight, the date should roll over to 29 February 2000. This is determined in the software by an algorithm that checks to see if the current year is a leap year. If it is a leap year then it should roll to 29 February 2000, if it can not determine the leap year, then it will jump to 1 March 2000. 5. 29 February 2000. This is almost the same problem as 28 February 2000. It will try to calculate the fact it is a leap year and roll the date to 1 March 2000. If it can not determine that it is the leap year, it will either go to 2 March 2000 or it will provide an incorrect date. There are several other dates that are important, based on each application software package, and needs. Examples are, a bank computer uses COBOL software that does not calculate the dates well, FORTRAN software used in scientific research does not do dates well, and older versions of Microsoft software used the two-year digit dates. The different application software packages that are available for computers are beginning to fix the year 2000 problem in the next revision and/or update. The problems that are being encountered are that the updates may not be compatible with the data that goes with the application software. An example is that Microsoft Access 2.0 is not year 2000 compliant. To upgrade to a compliant version, the original data associated with Access 2.0 will not run on the upgrade version. In addition, the upgrade Access will not operate on the old versions of Microsoft Windows. Therefore, additional problems are beginning to come into focus with the year 2000 issue. Another issue is all the databases that are used. Relational databases use date fields as part of wildcard actions, used as sorting identification, as grouping actions, and as part of daily identification. Some specific examples are: simple databases, such as the window explorer allow you to view and sort files in a date/time field. If this date field were only two digits, then it would incorrectly sort the files (year 00 would be first rather than last). Another example is a large database that is used to match names with addresses and billing statements. This database would need to flag dates with the billing statements. If the dates were incorrect or not sorted correctly, then the billing statements would be invalidated. As discussed, there are several issues when dealing with Y2K. These issues have a direct impact on both Government and Industry. What impacts are they†re to Government, Industry, and Small Business? There are several impacts to Government, Industry, and Small Business. Dates that can impact the leap year algorithms; Julian dates, fiscal year dates, calendar dates, and ASCII code dates. These dates were discussed in chapter 1. Now we will discuss the ramifications to the new dates. For the Government, the dates will have a major impact across the board. Every Government agency, from Federal to City, will be impacted. The Federal Government uses computers on a daily basis and without them, the Federal Government would not be able to operate. Some specific examples are in the Department of Commerce, Department of Defense, and the Department of Justice. The Department of Commerce utilizes computers to run the National Oceanic Atmospheric Association (NOAA) systems that are used to chase Hurricanes. The problem is that several of the computers are used to log different data and use date/time stamping with that data. This data is later analyzed to try and map hurricanes for the future. If the Y2K issues are not resolved, important data will be lost. The Department of Defense also uses computers to a very large extent. This is especially true for the DOD large complex machinery used to defend the country. There are very few parts of the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marines that do not use computers. Computers are the backbone to DOD and without them, there is a real fear that our armed forces would not be able to defend this country. The Department of Justice has an even worse problem. They are charged with keeping track of criminals and federal indictments across the country. Because of the complexity of the laws, if the computers used to keep track of indictments and criminal records are not Y2K compliant, then the Justice system could have criminals cleared of any wrong doing because of a simple date issue. It is well known that if the date or address were wrong on an indictment or a search warrant, anything found because of the indictment or warrant would not be used in court. Industry has the same basic problems that the Government would have. They rely on computers in almost every aspect of the business. From robotic assembly lines to employee payroll, all of industry relies on the computer to run its day to day operation. The problem that both industry and Government have is that there was no contingency to the Y2K issue. Both industry and Government have several backup systems. An example is that major banks will have the main frame computer in one location and a hot backup in a totally different location. Take Nations Bank. Nations Bank may have its primary mainframe computer, for all its checking accounts, here in town. There is a hot backup (a hot backup is a main frame computer that records the same exact information that the mainframe computer is recording, but it does not handle any transactions, just records the information) that is located in a different part of the country, say Colorado. In this way, if a major hurricane were to devastate Tampa, the hot backup would come on line take over the responsibility of the mainframe. In this way, vital information would not be lost. This was all thought out years before, but not Y2K. Y2K would impact both mainframes (the primary and the backup) and all the data would be corrupted. The problem with small business is that it relies on the computer to do many of its tasks that employees used to do. In small business, people were employed to handle payroll, marketing, office management, files, record keeping, and profit/loss ledgers. These people were replaced with the advent of the computer. Now any small business could operate without minimal employees. The office manager could now handle payroll, marketing, files, records, and ledgers right on the computer. The computer became the key piece of equipment for the small business. Without the computer, small businesses could not stay in operation. Look at a small business that provides hearing aids to the general public. Besides the payroll, this small business will keep all its customers accounts in a simple database. This database will be used to notify the business when the hearing aid needs servicing, additional hearing tests should be done, replacement batteries, and payment schedules. This is just the tip of the database. The database would also be used to send out flyers on new technology, discounts, and will serve as the business mailing lists. Without this computer, the small business would need to hire additional personnel and return to paper and pencil to operate. What can Government, Industry, and Small Business Do to Combat the Y2K Issues? For both Government and Industry, it will not be a problem to combat Y2K. There is work already being done to correct the problems. Both agencies, through consulting agencies and internal working groups, have developed a series of plans to combat the Y2K issue. The standard procedure is to first do an inventory and assessment on the agency. After the assessment is done, a renovation plan is developed to renovate the different systems. After renovation is completed, the system is placed into the validation phase, where it is tested using the different Y2K dates to ensure that no problems are encountered. After the testing is completed and the validation is verified, then the implementation phase is started. The implementation phase is to implement the system into action, and begin watching the system during the actual crossover dates. The cost to perform all of the plans and phases are high. On most major DOD systems, the cost ranges from $100 Thousand to over $5 Million. For industry, their costs are about the same. It does not matter if the agency does it internally or hires consultants to perform the work. The costs are normally high. These costs are absorbed in industry and/or in the Government by the consumer and/or taxpayer. Industry will pass the costs to the consumer by increasing its price on the product. The Government will either increase taxes or modify the budget to get the necessary funds to ensure Y2K compliance. The real problem lies with small business. The plans and phases that were developed by industry and Government must also be accomplished by small business. The problem is that small business does not have the money to expend on the Y2K issue. Small businesses do not have the overhead or capital to afford to test its systems and ensure that Y2K problems do not exist in its machine. Since most small businesses do not rely on consultants and do not have a computer expert on the payroll, then small businesses must rely on the software companies to ensure that the computer is Y2K compliant. Since they do not have the funds to try and make their systems Y2K compliant, then the small business must rely on Macintosh, Microsoft, and other large software companies to ensure that the software is compliant. This becomes a real issue for the small business. The major software companies have problems with ensuring that the software they are selling is Y2K compliant. An example is that Microsoft Windows 98 may be compliant, as far as the Y2K issue is concerned. But any other application software that is used with Windows 98 may not be compliant, making the system non-compliant. Microsoft can not be held responsible for other software packages built by other software companies. In addition, most software companies will not support older versions of its software. An example is that Microsoft will not support Windows version 3.1. This is based on the availability of newer versions of Windows being available to the consumer. So where does this leave the small business? The small business is in a delicate situation. The recommendation for small business is to work through the chamber of commerce and pool the resources that each small business has to get the support it needs. There is Federal and Local assistance available to help small business ensure that the Y2K issue is resolved prior to the actual dates. The real problem is that if the small business does not recognize that it has a problem, then it will not work to fix the Y2K issue in time. By combining their resources and working with the local chambers, a network of consultants could work together to fix the problem before the actual Y2K dates have come. The only other option would be to spend the money to go through the same plans and phases that the Government and Industry goes through to fix the Y2K issue. This cost would be too high for small business. The final option would be for the small business to cross his fingers and hope for the best. This would be the last option for the businessperson to work with.

Evidence Based Practice & Nursing Research Essay

Evidence Based Practice & Nursing Research - Essay Example In severity, the deep veins may also become incompetent. When there is ineffective blood flow to the legs, peripheral veins remain clogged even when walking. These veins remain filled with blood even and pressure therein does not drop; a condition referred to as chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). It may result in ulcers, edema or skin change. In treatment, nurses dress the patient’s legs with Anti-Embolism Stockings. These are close fitted, circular knitted elastic socks designed to be worn by patients exhibiting venous disorders. They were designed to increase the linear velocity of blood by exerting external pressure on the legs. These special socks are designed to prevent thromboembolism by the use of graduated pressure. These special socks are prescribed to patients experiencing blood pooling in the legs, blood clots and lower limb edema due to long hours of sitting. It is recommended that nurses should effectively access the patients’ legs and measure them for the correct size of Anti-Embolism Stockings. Nurses need the following things before the socks can be applied: Wall chart, tape measure, T.E.D stocking order pad/sizing chart and package of the covidien T.E.D; the anti-embolism stockings. The nurse is responsible for application, sizing and maintenance of the special stocking. Proper sizing of the Anti-Embolism Stockings is necessary so that the patient can enjoy the maximum benefits of the therapeutically treatment (Miller, 2011). Nurses should record the condition of the stocking during each inspection. The stockings should be washed after every 3 days to remove any body secretions. No ointment shall be used; instead, talcum powder should be used. Many times, Anti-Embolism Stockings may be issued to patients without proper analysis and assessment of other conditions that be generated due to the therapeutically use of the Anti-Embolism

Increasing Technology and Its Impact on Children Essay

Increasing Technology and Its Impact on Children - Essay Example exposure to computing environments may lead to "individuals incapable of dealing with the messiness of reality, the needs of community building, and the demands of personal commitments" (Behrman, 2000). Moreover, exposure to violent computer games are associated with increased aggressive behavior (Subrahmanyam et al, 2000). Excessive, unmonitored use of computers can place children at risk on their physical, social, and psychological development, and expose them to inappropriate violent, sexual, as well as commercial content (Behrman, 2000). Cellphones. Another gadget that would give probable negative effects of technology on children is the cell phone. An important report linked heavy use of mobile phones to ear and brain tumours and concluded that risks had been underestimated by most scientists (Coates, Hawkes & Blair, 2005). William Stewart, chairman of the National Radiological Protection Board of United Kingdom said that children are at greater risk of harm when using their mobile phones. Recommending that children under the age of eight not use mobile phones, Stewart's report on Mobile Phones and Health discussed four studies that are of public interest. One of these was a ten-year Sweden study that advised that heavy mobile users are more prone to non-malignant tumors in the ear and brain; whereas a Dutch study had suggested changes in cognitive function. A project supported by the EU had shown evidence of cell damage from fields typical of those of mobile phones, whereas the German study has hinted at an increase in cancer around base stations (Coates et al., 2005). On the other hand, William Thomas (2003) wrote that cell phones harm children even worse than adults. Thomas bared the new findings by the Spanish Neuro Diagnostic Research Institute. He quoted... This report approves that the age of the child and his or her developmental stage must be taken into account when considering computer use. The same can be said with the ubiquitous cell phone and iPod. Accordingly, for very young children the answers to these questions are usually "no" as their use for most children under age three does not have meaning for the child. To reduce such risks, it is proposed that children's time of use on these technologies be limited and their exposure to different types of content should be supervised. Technology has its bad side. In children's interactions with parents and other adult authority figures, the traditional parent–child relationship is reversed, with the computer-savvy child becoming teacher to the parent, eroding authority structures, and resulting in children as less accepting of parental authority. Children learn to form "electronic friendships" with computers instead of friendships with their peers and this might hinder them in developing their interpersonal skills. The Alliance for Childhood thinks technology is not helpful but doing the opposite - worsening academic performance and increasing drop-out rates. As these studies have shown, when used appropriately, technology can support and extend learning in valuable ways and can increase educational opportunities for children and fulfill their communication needs. The key is just in finding the balance, knowing how to coordinate the components of a healthy childhood with the unequalled potentialities offered by technology.

Economic revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Economic revolution - Essay Example The new system aimed to represent every social group in administrating the interaction as it directs the new economic relations that resulted from social production. This had then paved the way to fundamental changes in humanity. Man’s primitive individualistic nature had made the development into a society quite a struggle. On the contrary his weakness and egotistical character drive him to acquire help that oblige him to cooperate with the same specie in order to survive. This was very evident in the ancient culture wherein food serves as their main necessity that binds individuals into a hunting tribe. But with the changing world, man’s needs and desires likewise moves toward something higher. As civilization advances man’s original nature was inevitably revealed, exposing a self-centered creature that he actually is. If individualism would prevail, diversity and disorganization would surely disrupt the society including its fundamentals such as industrialization. With that danger, man had come up with ways to prevent such disaster. Tradition had been used to preserve the society by obliging the succeeding generations to adhere to the previous kin’s occupation. At some part, it had to use authoritarian rule to defend its existence forcing people to work on their assigned task; this greatly refers to politics. Then came â€Å"market system† courtesy of economics. Market system secured the existence of the society by giving liberty to its people to do what they think would lead to their monetary advantage. The idea of gain lures its people to follow a central guiding rule without the need for tradition or authority. Being a systemic process that promotes interaction between its people as buyer or seller it had succeed to operate effectively into a social framework. Intelligently dealing with man’s individualistic nature it creatively answers the problem of