English Views of Native Americans During Catholic-Protestant Conflict in the New World Essay Example for Free

English Views of Native Americans During Catholic-Protestant Conflict in the New World Essay English Views of Native Americans during Catholic-Protestant Conflict in the New World During the 16th and 17th century, as settlers from Europe continued to flock to the New World, technologies were being introduced that affected English views of Native Americans and how they saw Catholic, or more specifically, Spanish treatment of the Natives. Many countries wanted superiority in the Americas and to do that they needed more colonists and support from their homelands. To accomplish these goals different means were employed. For England, the New World settlements served a variety of purposes. To secure investors through stock purchases by showing them they would be well rewarded, attract new colonists, and to expand Protestantism in the New World to combat the Catholic movement in the Americas (text 38). Helping in these goals were new technologies that created some of the first propaganda. Many people in Europe feared the Native Americans, thinking of them as savage and uncivilized. Unrest and this fear among the people probably caused many to avoid even entertaining the thought of transplanting themselves and their family to an unknown continent. In 1588 Thomas Harriot published the first pamphlet about life in the New World. Describing great weather, fruitful land, and a wealth of goods these writings encouraged people to travel across the Atlantic. Along with him, painter John White, portrayed the Native Americans as a peaceful people that could easily coexist with Europeans. Taking liberties from these paintings, Theodore de Bry, a protestant from Belgium, made copperplate engravings of civilized Indians. These pictures and views of the Natives had a widespread appeal across England and alleviated fears of the New World which encouraged more settlers to take the voyage and more investors to purchase stock in colonizing companies. One of the biggest battles in the New World was between Catholic and Protestants to control the Americas. During this time Spain was the envy of Europe. With a large navy they were one of the most powerful armies in the world, wealthy, and boasted many colonies in the New World. Several countries, especially England, looked upon Spain with disdain. England being a Protestant country and Spain Catholic did nothing but increase the tension. Public opinion was very important in this power struggle. In 1598 Theodore de Bry republished Bartolome de Casa’s â€Å"Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies (text 38-39)† which helped win supporters for the Protestant movement and England’s prerogative in the Americas. Originally this book was written in 1541 about Spanish mistreatment of the Indians. De Casa’s writing along with de Bry’s graphic illustrations horrified people of the torture and killing of Indians by the Spaniards. The Protestants saw the Catholics as agents of the devil who needed to be purged from society in the New World. Ironically this thinking was hypocritical as almost all countries, including England, mistreated the Native Americans throughout colonization and for centuries to come. Many travel accounts were written over the years that portrayed a frightening and exciting New World to the Europeans. While most of these accounts were written based on opinion and very little facts, they had an important place among society and were very powerful in swaying people’s opinions about Native Americans, the New World, and rival European nations. New technologies of publishing and illustrating at the time helped spread these documents ideas and opinions faster than ever and we saw for possibly the first time ever a propaganda war.

Fetal Cell Transplants :: essays research papers

Transplanting fetal cells is an issue that is considered by some as a like saver, and at the same time considered murder by others. It is a very controversial subject, which can be looked at in different ways. Once researched, people make their own personal opinion on the subject. Many who develop their own â€Å"views† have no background knowledge of it, which should not be done. After reading, â€Å"Difficult Decisions: Fetal Cell Transplants,† I have developed my own opinion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In certain situations, it is almost the right thing to do, in my mind. Many children are the result of an â€Å"accident†. A portion of those fetuses are aborted. By donating, you can help save a life. In the United States alone, 1.5 million fetuses are aborted each year. Why not put then to use?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I think that the choice should be available if the mother decides to do so. If someone very close to you, or even you were dying, and the doctor said, â€Å"Because of a previous fetus donation, we may be able to save you.† Would your decision about the transplants change? I’m sure anyone would go against their beliefs to save the life of someone close to them; it’s almost like a reflex.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are certain cases where I have an opposite opinion. For example, when someone uses it to decrease aging, it really wasn’t needed, and it probably could have been put to better use for someone who needed it. God made everyone to age and eventually die, so that process should go on as it is. Just because you may disagree with the idea, doesn’t mean it can’t be an option for others.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sometimes pregnancies weren’t meant to happen, like if somebody was raped. The child is either going to be put up for adoption, where there is a chance that life could be miserable, or it would be aborted. The child is not actually developed enough to consider it murder although some may think differently. Dr. Lister, Orthopedics, says, â€Å" Abortions are something that take place regardless, professionally or not. The possibility of donating a newly conceived fetus to help save another should be open.

A Different History by Sujata Bhatt Notes Essay

The poet explores the relationship between cultural identity and language. When you speak a language you also learn its culture. Lines 19 and 20 sum up the theme. Which language has not been the oppressor’s tongue? When another country is the conquerer, that country brings its language and culture to those who are conquered. SUMMARY ‘A Different History’ is in two linked parts: lines 1-18, then lines 19-29. The first stanza draws the link between western and Indian culture as Pan, the Greek god also exists through Indian gods and goddesses that roam freely. She points out the difference as well in the way Indians treat books with much respect, in order not to disturb or offend Sarasvati or the tree from which the paper comes. Stanza 2 returns to the idea of a foreign language; all languages, it says, have once been the language of an invader or an oppressor, but despite this there always comes a time when younger and newer generations not only speak the oppressor’s language but they actually come to love it. TONE (Tone means the attitude of the poet) At first the tone is critical of the culture of the west (e.g. the way the west does not show respect for books). Later the tone is accepting. She says that once people have assimilated the new culture, the later generations love the language and culture. STRUCTURE The poem is divided into two stanzas with each dealing with a different idea on language and culture. The visual arrangement of lines differ in the two stanzas. In stanza 1, the different indented lines give a wavy appearance to suggest perhaps the idea of gods roaming freely and to match the humour in the stanza. The second stanza has all the lines indented similarly as the author conveys the serious message that all languages are imposed by the oppressor. RHYTHM The rhythm matches the content. The enjambment (run-on lines) in stanza 1 gives a light-hearted, tripping rhythm. In stanza 2, the rhythm is insistent as the poet uses rhetorical questions and the mood turns serious. IMAGERY POINT: Stanza 1 begins by comparing the Greek and Indian gods. Next the poem focuses on the reverential attitude towards books in India. QUOTE| EFFECT| Great Pan is not dead;he simply emigrated To India| Meaning- Pan the Greek god of nature also exists in India. The effect is that cross-cultural links happen. | Here, the gods roam freely Disguised as snakes or monkeys | The poet refers to Indian gods in the form of snakes or monkeys. | And it is a sinto be rude to a book(repeated 4 times) | By repeating ‘it is a sin’ the effect is of persuasion and emphasis. Repetition in a pattern of three or more is a persuasive device. She uses strong words ‘shove’, ‘slam’, ‘toss’ to stress that ill-treating books is sinful to the Indians because they have a reverence for knowledge.| You must learn how to turn the pages gentlywithout disturbing Sarasvati, without offending the treefrom whose wood the paper was made| The word ‘without’ is repeated for emphasis. In India, books are handled carefully ‘gently’ to show respect for Sarasvati, the Hindu goddess of Knowledge, and for the trees where the gods are. | *Pan- In Greek religion and mythology, Pan is the god of the wild, shepherds and flocks, mountains, hunting Sarasvati – the Hindu goddess of Knowledge presides over the arts and is frequently worshipped in libraries. POINT: Stanza 2 the poet states that every while every language has come from the conquering nations and is at first resisted, it is later embraced by the future generations. QUOTE| EFFECT| Which language has not been the oppressor’s tongue?| This rhetorical question ( a question that does not need an answer because the answer is  obvious) contains the main idea of the poem – all languages have once been the language of an invader or an oppressor. | Which language Truly meant to murder someone?| The repetition ‘which language’ is another rhetorical question which does not need an answer as it is obvious that language does not intentionally kill people.| that after the torture, after the soul has been croppedwith a long scythe swooping out of the conqueror’s face-| The poet now explains that it is the soul or the culture that is destroyed by the conqueror. The metaphor of the ‘long scythe swooping out’ is an image of the brutal destruction of the culture of the oppressed and replacing it with the culture of the conqueror. | the unborn grandchildrengrow to love that strange language| The poet concedes that ironically over many generations, the oppressed people come round to speaking the conqueror’s language and what is more to embracing its culture. She points out the irony of history.|

A Tree Grows in Brooklyn Paper - 901 Words

I. Intro paragraph a. Hook: In the Irish American community of Brooklyn in the 1900’s, immigrants faced discrimination and crushing poverty b. In the world that Betty Smith describes in â€Å"A Tree Grows in Brooklyn† however, this poverty is depicted as a kind of virtue, a force that causes individuals to grow, and families to bond c. Yet, while female characters like Katie and Francie grow from overcoming the hardships brought on by poverty, Francie’s father Johnny Nolan is defeated by it and ends up dying of alcoholism. In the 1900’s, gender roles and social expectations of men and women were more rigid than today, and both sexes were supposed to stay within gender boundaries d. In telling the story of Katie and†¦show more content†¦But poor Johnny just wouldn’t harden.† (P.98) iii. Johnny grew up with the gender stereotype of the man of the house being the â€Å"breadwinner†, and in the Irish American community in Brooklyn, he cannot fulfill this role. III. 2ND Body paragraph i. Yet, Katie has no choice and even though the cleaning job she finds does not pay well, she goes out to work ii. In contrast, Katie, Francie’s mother, is able to overcome poverty because she breaks down the gender stereotypes of what a married woman should do in her time; Katie goes out of the house to work. At that time, were expected to stay home and be cared for while caring for the children iii. Yet, Katie has no choice and even though the cleaning job she finds does not pay well, she goes out to work. Thus, as she faces poverty, we see Katie rise to the challenge by being flexible. In contrast to Johnny, she is able to experience poverty as a learning experience and change. At one point she says to passersby, â€Å"Look at that tree growing up there out of that grating. It gets no sun, and water only when it rains. It’s growing out of sour earth. And it’s strong because its hard struggle to live is making it strong. My children wil l be strong that way.† IV. 3RD Body paragraph a. Johnny and Katie Nolan, exemplify a theme of gender difference in the overcoming of poverty for immigrants i. Katie is flexible and able to adapt, so she eventually obtains a better life. She does not stayShow MoreRelated The Necessity of Violence in Native Son by Richard Wright Essay1498 Words   |  6 Pagesnothing else to care about, nothing he can call his own, no chance to explore any of his potential. Thus, he turns to violence as an expression of identity which is what his reaction to reading the newspaper expresses. When he reads the article in the paper, he exclaims to his mother, No! Jan didnt help me! He didnt have a damned thing to do with it! I - I did it! (Wright 283). 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Colorectal Cancer Cancer And Cancer - 2998 Words

Cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the body uncontrollably replicate forming a malignant tumor that invades nearby tissues. It has the capability to affect any part of the body and spread to tissues throughout the body. There are many different types of cancers including rectal cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, and skin cancer. Rectal cancer is a disease in which cancer cells develop and form in the tissues of the rectum. Rectal cancer is typically classified with colon cancer where they are collectively called colorectal cancer. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States and the third most common cancer in men and in women (CDC, 2014). Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly cancer diagnosed in men and second in females worldwide (Jemal, 2011). 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Britain s Political And Religious Structure During The...

Between the years 1529-1588 and in the Tudor era, Britain saw perhaps the biggest changes in its political and religious structure in its history. It changed from Catholicism to Protestantism, then back and back again. It also saw major changes in who ran the country, with more involvement from parliament. Different chief ministers (including Thomas Cromwell) had different impacts on Britain and the monarch, and the influence of them will be assessed in this essay. Thomas Wolsey was born in 1475, and rose his way the top. Before being made a cardinal, he became a priest and a successful politician, and he was the almoner (in charge of distributing funds to the poor) when Henry came to the throne in 1509. Wolsey held several important positions. He was the Bishop of Lincoln, Canon of Windsor and also Prince Bishop of Durham. One accomplishment that Wolsey is particularly remembered for, is organising the Field of The Cloth Of Gold. This was a festival planned to celebrate the alliance between England and France, with both monarchs, Henry VIII and Francis I strengthening their relationship. The treaty of London was also a huge accomplishment for Wolsey, as he was the one who designed the 1518 treaty. It was a non-aggression pact between the major European nations, (France, England, Holy Roman Empire, the Papacy, Spain, Burgundy and the Netherlands), all of whom agreed not to attack one another and come to aid if needed. Though it was not always s uccessful in stopping someShow MoreRelatedâ€Å"the Spirit of Renaissance and Elizabethan Era†5448 Words   |  22 Pagescentury. This era in English cultural history is sometimes referred to as the age of Shakespeare or the Elizabethan era, the first period in English and British history to be named after a reigning monarch. Renaissance literally means rebirth. It refers especially to the rebirth of learning that began in Italy in the fourteenth century, spread to the north, including England, by the sixteenth century, and ended in the north in the mid-seventeenth century (earlier in Italy). During this periodRead MoreRethinking Mercantalism Essay15042 Words   |  61 PagesRethinking Mercantilism: Political Economy, the British Empire, and the Atlantic World in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries Author(s): Steve Pincus Reviewed work(s): Source: The William and Mary Quarterly, Vol. 69, No. 1 (January 2012), pp. 3-34 Published by: Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5309/willmaryquar.69.1.0003 . Accessed: 06/09/2012 12:18 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the TermsRead MoreInstitution as the Fundamental Cause of Long Tern Growth39832 Words   |  160 PagesHandbook of Economic Growth edited by Philippe Aghion and Steve Durlauf. We thank the editors for their patience and Leopoldo Fergusson, Pablo Querubà ­n and Barry Weingast for their helpful suggestions. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the National Bureau of Economic Research.  ©2004 by Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, and James Robinson. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission providedRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, ele ctronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers

Midwife Practice Knowledge and Skills

Question: Discuss about theMidwife Practicefor Knowledge and Skills. Answer: Introduction The midwifery skills require appropriate knowledge and skills to maintain the patients quality of life. This assignment is related to demonstrate the incident and personal experience related to the incident. There comes many occasions when midwives have to go through ethical and moral problems as well as have to recognize the importance of the role of the midwife. This reflective essay is based on the case study of a patient named as X. She is a 28 years old women with gravida para 1. Leaking liquor was noticed in her urine. The patient starts to feel increased leaking sensations and contraction pain. Once the fetal head was delivered it got recoiled in the perineum and turtle necking occur. This kind of situation is very difficult for the healthcare professional, and if the baby is not delivered within 5 minutes then chances of brain damage in child increases. Such difficult situations challenge the role of midwives and can also prepare them to for future challenges. Through this re flective essay I will attempt to evaluate the experience as a midwives student and how such experience can be helpful for future practice. Description of Care The patient X involved in this case is a 28 years old pregnant woman, who has been experiencing liquor leaking and pain. During the acute pain and delivery process, the head of the baby recoils against the perineum of mother. The turtle sign is identified, when the head of the baby suddenly retracts back, while it was emerging through vagina. This means that the cheeks of the baby bulges out, which resembles to the turtle pulling its head back into its shell. However, the delivery of the baby was done through McRoberts maneuver. This time is very difficult for the healthcare professionals and mainly for the midwife, who is committed to provide personal support and assistance to the women before and during delivery (Adams, 2015). Delivery of the baby is not easy and professionals as well as the mother have to face many challenges during the process of delivery (Aune, Amundsen, Aas, 2014). In the given case study turtle necking occur, which calls for the immediate professional care and quality interventions otherwise the life of the baby be in danger. The major danger is to face shoulder dystocia during turtle necking. This is the situation, where shoulder of the baby stuck in the pelvis or symphysis pubis (the pubic bone)of mother. Understanding the variations of shoulder dystocia is very important for the midwives. Acknowledgment of Feelings and Thoughts The role of midwife is to work in coordination with other professionals. During this case in Patient Xs situation, I felt very terrified, as the life of baby is very important. I concentrated on the skills and knowledge that I gained from my midwifery degree. This knowledge encourages midwives to consider patient safety and understand the variations and types of shoulder dystocia. The learning resources for midwives help to focus on the problems and how to solve them. I believe that role of midwife is to save the life by taking accurate action for problem solving. During the delivery of baby I felt terrified on the first place, it is because the life of baby was in danger and any delay in the appropriate intervention can result in severe brain and physical injuries in child. However, women are amazing and they are capable of delivering their babies with difficult challenges as well. Thus, later I felt that I am very lucky that I got a chance to take part in such delivery and all my fear was gone when I concentrated on knowledge I have gained, which says that there are many bizarre birth positions, delivery situations and movements, but still instinctive pelvic movementscan result in riskless deliveries. Baby need some time to come in comfortable position and appropriate knowledge and skills of the midwives can reduce the risk (Code of ethics for midwives in Australia, 2008). Thus, I felt happy to participate in this challenging delivery. Shoulder dystocia is a very unpredictable situation and healthcare professionals have to be prepared for such unpredictable situations. The role of professional communication and working in coordination is also important. This delivery experience helped me to enhance my nursing skills and supporting patients. Evaluation of Care Midwife is the person, who is recognized as being accountable and responsible professionals, who works in partnership with other women, who require care, support and advice during their period of pregnancy, labour, delivery, conducting birth of babies, postpartum period, and offering appropriate care to the new born. The role of midwife is to apply preventive measures and promote the birth of baby through normal delivery, detecting any kind of complications if appear, accessing appropriate assistance from other healthcare professionals and carrying emergency measures. The incident that took place was very challenging or me. My duty was to identify the problem and inform the professionals to seek their assistance. As, the turtle necking occurred, it was important to understand that such problem has occurred and require appropriate measure. It is appropriate to monitor each and every change in the condition of woman and baby. As the babys head appeared with puffed cheeks, it was obvious that turtle necking has occurred, which can result in shoulder dystocia (Politi et al, 2010). This case was beneficial to display the importance of team work and leadership. By seeing the problem, the whole team was activated and all the nursing professionals displayed good communication and effective team work. Thus, it was beneficial to take part in such case and enhance the skills and knowledge for future practice. However, this experience could have been detrimental, if I would have not focused on the patients and childs safety. But, good and effective team work was a very beneficial factor in resolving the problem of Shoulder dystocia. Analysis Shoulder dystocia can be a very serious and significant cause of neonatal and maternal injury. This kind of situation is characterized as a severe obstetrical emergency that complicates between 0.2% and 4.0% of vaginal births in the United States (Robins, 2012). Shoulder dystocia is the problem that occurs, when shoulder of the baby is failed to be delivered spontaneously. And from this situation I learnt that role of midwife is very important and additional maneuvers by the midwives in order to facilitate safe delivery for the child. The main risk associated with this kind of delivery is of substantial neonatal injuries and morbidities. This kind of problem requires working effectively and in coordination with team. According to Smith et al, (2013), there is limited research available on the topic about the factors that make women vulnerable to the risk of such delivery, and mainly such incidents occur in women, who do not display any signs of such problem. Thus, such cases are very beneficial for getting practical knowledge. The delivery done in this case was through McRoberts maneuver. It is important for the safe birth. Before that I learnt that it is important to give significant time to the child to adjust the shoulder (Simic, 2014). Sometime within five minutes child can take the necessary position and can come out easily, but if in five minutes it does not come in normal position then necessary professional assistance is required. I learnt that in such cases midwives should take immediate action. Not to make the bad situation worse, it is important to remember that babys shoulder should not be pulled. It is because pulling is the most common mistake that midwives do because they panic. Also continuous communication with the patient is very important. I learnt that continuous communication with the patient may reduce their stress and provide the support during difficult time. Action Plan According to Robins (2012) Midwives and physicians are entrusted as gatekeepers for the safety and wellbeing of the mother and infant during the birth process. When there are any kind of adverse outcomes of mortality or morbidity in the patient or the fetus, such situation can be very distressing for the healthcare professionals as well (Schneider, Whitehead, 2013). Thus, taking appropriate care and applying the knowledge and skills in the correct way are important to fulfill the duty of care (Borrelli, 2014). Midwives also have the role of educating people and counseling them (Code of professional conduct for midwives in Australia, 2008), thus I learn that communication with patient, as well as inter-professional communication is necessary for working in accordance to provide quality care and support (Yznaga, 2013). For the future action plan I would concentrate on patient and childs safety. I would concentrate on changing condition of patient, with regular communication and monitoring condition (Thelin, Lundgren, Hermansson, 2014). According the Code of professional conduct for the Midwives in Australia (2008), Midwives focus on a womans health needs, her expectations and aspirations, supporting the informed decision making of each woman. Thus, my focus will also on the health and safety of patient and will consider her expectation and dignity while practicing. Conclusion The role of midwife is very important in nursing and healthcare practice. This role is mainly dedicated to the pregnant mother, postpartum care and fetus safety. This role also includes attaining unsurpassed skills and experience. The case presented in this reflective essay helped me to gain great experience regarding complex deliveries. I learnt to appropriately demonstrate the duties of the midwife and gained experience and knowledge for future practices. I discussed the points that were beneficial to be learnt through this case and how complications can occur due to ignorance or getting panic. 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